Biggerstaff M, Cauchemez S, Reed C, Gambhir M, Finelli L. Estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:480.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dawood FS, Jain S, Finelli L, Shaw MW, Lindstrom S, Garten RJ, et al. Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(25):2605–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crank MC, Mascola JR, Graham BS. Preparing for the next influenza pandemic: the development of a universal influenza vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2019;219(Supplement_1):S107–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

D’Adamo A, Schnake-Mahl A, Mullachery PH, Lazo M, Diez Roux AV, Bilal U. Health disparities in past influenza pandemics: a scoping review of the literature. SSM Popul Health. 2023;21: 101314.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berlanda Scorza F, Tsvetnitsky V, Donnelly JJ. Universal influenza vaccines: shifting to better vaccines. Vaccine. 2016;34(26):2926–33.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fiore AE, Fry A, Shay D, Gubareva L, Bresee JS, Uyeki TM. Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza—recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(1):1–24.

Google Scholar 

Fukao K, Ando Y, Noshi T, Kitano M, Noda T, Kawai M, et al. Baloxavir marboxil, a novel cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor potently suppresses influenza virus replication and represents therapeutic effects in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(5): e0217307.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ison MG, Portsmouth S, Yoshida Y, Shishido T, Mitchener M, Tsuchiya K, et al. Early treatment with baloxavir marboxil in high-risk adolescent and adult outpatients with uncomplicated influenza (CAPSTONE-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(10):1204–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayden FG, Sugaya N, Hirotsu N, Lee N, de Jong MD, Hurt AC, et al. Baloxavir marboxil for uncomplicated influenza in adults and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(10):913–23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Retout S, Duval V, Jia J, Zou Y, Wang Y, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and simulated efficacy of an influenza treatment, baloxavir marboxil Chinese individuals. Clin Transl Sci. 2022;15(5):1196–203.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McGeer A, Green KA, Plevneshi A, Shigayeva A, Siddiqi N, Raboud J, et al. Antiviral therapy and outcomes of influenza requiring hospitalization in Ontario, Canada. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(12):1568–75.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lytras T, Mouratidou E, Andreopoulou A, Bonovas S, Tsiodras S. Effect of early oseltamivir treatment on mortality in critically ill patients with different types of influenza: a multiseason cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(11):1896–902.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Du Z, Nugent C, Galvani AP, Krug RM, Meyers LA. Modeling mitigation of influenza epidemics by baloxavir. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2750.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Komeda T, Takazono T, Hosogaya N, Ogura E, Fujiwara M, Miyauchi H, et al. Comparison of household transmission of influenza virus from index patients treated with baloxavir marboxil or neuraminidase inhibitors: a health insurance claims database study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(11):e859–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guan W, Qu R, Shen L, Mai K, Pan W, Lin Z, et al. Baloxavir marboxil use for critical human infection of avian influenza A H5N6 virus. Medicine. 2024;5(1):32-41.e5.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Qin J, Lin J, Zhang X, Yuan S, Zhang C, Yin Y. Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of oseltamivir for influenza treatment in children. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13: 849545.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Asher J, Lemenuel-Diot A, Clay M, Durham DP, Mier-Y-Teran-Romero L, Arguello CJ, et al. Novel modelling approaches to predict the role of antivirals in reducing influenza transmission. PLoS Comput Biol. 2023;19(1): e1010797.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Miyazawa S, Takazono T, Hosogaya N, Yamamoto K, Watanabe H, Fujiwara M, et al. Comparison of intra-familial transmission of influenza virus from index patients treated with baloxavir marboxil or oseltamivir using an influenza transmission model and a health insurance claims database. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75(6):927–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Husereau D, Drummond M, Augustovski F, de Bekker-Grob E, Briggs AH, Carswell C, et al. Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations. Pharmacoeconomics. 2022;40(6):601–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu R, Leung RK, Chen T, Zhang X, Chen F, Chen S, et al. The effectiveness of age-specific isolation policies on epidemics of influenza A (H1N1) in a large city in central south China. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7): e0132588.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cori A, Valleron AJ, Carrat F, Scalia Tomba G, Thomas G, Boëlle PY. Estimating influenza latency and infectious period durations using viral excretion data. Epidemics. 2012;4(3):132–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lina B, Boucher C, Osterhaus A, Monto AS, Schutten M, Whitley RJ, et al. Five years of monitoring for the emergence of oseltamivir resistance in patients with influenza A infections in the influenza resistance information study. Influenza Other Respir Virus. 2018;12(2):267–78.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li J, Teng J, Tian GB, Xia C, Wang X, Chien-Ping T. Analysis on the current situation of pathogen monitoring and antiviral treatment of influenza-like cases in Beijing Haidian Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Chin J Exp Clin Infect Dis (Electron Edn). 2020;14(03):218–23.

Google Scholar 

Yang W, Lipsitch M, Shaman J. Inference of seasonal and pandemic influenza transmission dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112(9):2723–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

(CDC) CfDCaP. Effectiveness of 2008–09 trivalent influenza vaccine against 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)—United States May–June 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58(44):1241–5.

Uehara T, Hayden FG, Kawaguchi K, Omoto S, Hurt AC, De Jong MD, et al. Treatment-emergent influenza variant viruses with reduced baloxavir susceptibility: impact on clinical and virologic outcomes in uncomplicated influenza. J Infect Dis. 2020;221(3):346–55.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Griffiths DF, Higham DJ. Euler’s method. In: Griffiths DF, Higham DJ, editors. Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations. London: Springer; 2010. p. 19–31.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Toner E. Do public health and infection control measures prevent the spread of flu? Biosecur Bioterror. 2006;4(1):84–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shionogi & CO. L. Clinical Study Report: 1601T0831. 2018. Available from https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/54/NCT02954354/Prot_000.pdf. Accessed 01 Feb 2022.

Shionogi & CO. L. Clinical Study Report: 1602T0832. 2018. Available from https://www.shionogi.com/content/dam/shionogi/jp/innovation/rd/clinical-development/clinical-trialdata/pdf/033188_T0832_csr_synop_E.pdf. Accessed 01 Feb 2022.

Gaitonde DY, Moore FC, Morgan MK. Influenza: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Phys. 2019;100(12):751–8.

Google Scholar 

Yang J, Jit M, Leung KS, Zheng YM, Feng LZ, Wang LP, et al. The economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations in China: a retrospective survey. Infect Dis Poverty. 2015;4:44.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jiang N, Li R, Bao J, Xie Y, Ma X, He Y, et al. Incidence and disease burden of community-acquired pneumonia in southeastern China: data from integrated medical resources. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(12):5638–45.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang S, Liu L, Liu J, Miao L, Zhuang Q, Guo N, et al. Characteristics of prescriptions and costs for acute upper respiratory tract infections in Chinese outpatient pediatric patients: a nation