Attal N, Bouhassira D, Colvin L. Advances and challenges in neuropathic pain: a narrative review and future directions. Br J Anaesth. 2023;131(1):79–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2023.04.021. Epub 2023 May 18 PMID: 37210279.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mick G, Baron R, Finnerup NB, Hans G, Kern KU, Brett B, Dworkin RH. What is localized neuropathic pain? A first proposal to characterize and define a widely used term. Pain Manag. 2012;2(1):71–7. https://doi.org/10.2217/pmt.11.77. PMID: 24654620.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, Hansson P, Hughes R, Nurmikko T, Serra J. Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes. Neurology. 2008;70(18):1630–5. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000282763.29778.59. Epub 2007 Nov 14 PMID: 18003941.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dworkin RH. An overview of neuropathic pain: syndromes, symptoms, signs, and several mechanisms. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(6):343–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200211000-00001. PMID: 12441827.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harrisson SA, Ogollah R, Dunn KM, Foster NE, Konstantinou K. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Clinical Course of Neuropathic Pain in Primary Care Patients Consulting With Low Back-related Leg Pain. Clin J Pain. 2020;36(11):813–24. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000879. PMID: 32841967.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Truini A. A Review of Neuropathic Pain: From Diagnostic Tests to Mechanisms. Pain Ther. 2017;6(1):5–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-017-0085-2. PMID: 29178037; PMCID: PMC5701892.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Narita M, Kaneko C, Miyoshi K, Nagumo Y, Kuzumaki N, Nakajima M, Nanjo K, Matsuzawa K, Yamazaki M, Suzuki T. Chronic pain induces anxiety with concomitant changes in opioidergic function in the amygdala. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31(4):739–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300858. PMID: 16123756.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McIlwrath SL, Montera MA, Gott KM, Yang Y, Wilson CM, Selwyn R, Westlund KN. Manganese-enhanced MRI reveals changes within brain anxiety and aversion circuitry in rats with chronic neuropathic pain- and anxiety-like behaviors. Neuroimage. 2020;223:117343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117343. PMID: 32898676; PMCID: PMC8858643.

Mehsein Z, Kobaïter-Maarrawi S, Samaha H, El Shami M, Albeaini S, Maarrawi J. Right posterior insular epidural stimulation in rats with neuropathic pain induces a frequency-dependent and opioid system-mediated reduction of pain and its comorbid anxiety and depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2024;128:110845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110845. PMDI: 37619765.

Davis MP. Cancer-Related Neuropathic Pain: Review and Selective Topics. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2018;32(3):417–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2018.01.005. Epub 2018 Mar 9 PMID: 29729778.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koshy E, Mengting L, Kumar H, Jianbo W. Epidemiology, treatment and prevention of herpes zoster: A comprehensive review. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2018;84(3):251–62. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_1021_16. PMID: 29516900.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shillo P, Selvarajah D, Greig M, Gandhi R, Rao G, Wilkinson ID, Anand P, Tesfaye S. Reduced vitamin D levels in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabet Med. 2019;36(1):44–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13798. Epub 2018 Sep 20 PMID: 30102801.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Terkelsen AJ, Gierthmühlen J, Finnerup NB, Højlund AP, Jensen TS. Bilateral hypersensitivity to capsaicin, thermal, and mechanical stimuli in unilateral complex regional pain syndrome. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(5):1225–36. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000000220. PMID: 24621686.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kern KU, Nalamachu S, Brasseur L, Zakrzewska JM. Can treatment success with 5% lidocaine medicated plaster be predicted in cancer pain with neuropathic components or trigeminal neuropathic pain? J Pain Res. 2013;5(6):261–80. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S39957.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kaikai SM, Dowling Evans D. Presentation, Management, and Prevention of Herpes Zoster. Adv Emerg Nurs J. 2022;44(1):3–10. https://doi.org/10.1097/TME.0000000000000395. PMID: 35089273.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shaygan M, Böger A, Kröner-Herwig B. Predicting factors of outcome in multidisciplinary treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. J Pain Res. 2018;18(11):2433–43. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S175817.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ishizaka S, Tsuda M, Urasaki E. Extraforaminal Lumbar Nerve Root Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain: A Case Report. A A Pract. 2018;11(9):244–6. https://doi.org/10.1213/XAA.0000000000000796. PMID: 29757756.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dones I, Levi V. Spinal Cord Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain: Current Trends and Future Applications. Brain Sci. 2018;8(8):138. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8080138.PMID:30042314;PMCID:PMC6119923. PMID:30042314;PMCID:PMC6119923 .

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu L, Zhang WJ, Xu SX, Guo WS, Yan RR, Jiang XH, Li SY, Sun T. Propensity score matching comparing short-term nerve electrical stimulation to pulsed radiofrequency for herpes zoster-associated pain: A retrospective study. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022;28(15):1069058. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2022.1069058.PMID:36518187;PMCID:PMC9742239. PMID:36518187;PMCID:PMC9742239 .

Article  Google Scholar 

Filion W, Lamb C. Anatomical variation of the sympathetic trunk and aberrant rami communicantes and their clinical implications. Ann Anat. 2023;245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151999. Epub 2022 Sep 30 PMID: 36183936.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Massrey C, Abdulkader MM, Hattab E, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. Ectopic sympathetic ganglia cells of the ventral root of the spinal cord: an anatomical study. Anat Cell Biol. 2020;53(1):15–20. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.19.051. PMID: 32274244; PMCID: PMC7118253.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brickman B, Tanios M, Patel D, Elgafy H. Clinical presentation and surgical anatomy of sympathetic nerve injury during lumbar spine surgery: a narrative review. J Spine Surg. 2022;8(2):276–87. https://doi.org/10.21037/jss-22-2.PMID:35875626;PMCID:PMC9263738. PMID:35875626;PMCID:PMC9263738.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ding Y, Yao P, Li H, Zhao R, Zhao G. Evaluation of combined radiofrequency and chemical blockade of multi-segmental lumbar sympathetic ganglia in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Pain Res. 2018;26(11):1375–82. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S175514. PMID:30100752; PMCID:PMC6067610.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yi X, AuBuchon J, Zeltwanger S, Kirby JP. Necrotic arachnidism and intractable pain from recluse spider bites treated with lumbar sympathetic block: a case report and review of literature. Clin J Pain. 2011;27(5):457–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e31820b6424. PMID: 21317774.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tran KM, Frank SM, Raja SN, El-Rahmany HK, Kim LJ, Vu B. Lumbar sympathetic block for sympathetically maintained pain: changes in cutaneous temperatures and pain perception. Anesth Analg. 2000;90(6):1396–401. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200006000-00025. PMID: 10825327.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang JH, Deng YP, Geng MJ. Efficacy of the lumbar sympathetic ganglion block in lower limb pain and its application prospects during the perioperative period. Ibrain. 2022;8(4):442–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibra.12069. PMID: 37786587; PMCID: PMC10529158.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Smits H, van Kleef M, Holsheimer J, Joosten EA. Experimental spinal cord stimulation and neuropathic pain: mechanism of action, technical aspects, and effectiveness. Pain Pract. 2013;13(2):154–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2012.00579.x. Epub 2012 Jul 11 PMID: 22780956.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rocha Rde O, Teixeira MJ, Yeng LT, Cantara MG, Faria VG, Liggieri V, Loduca A, Müller BM, Souza AC, de Andrade DC. Thoracic sympathetic block for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I: a double-blind randomized controlled study. Pain. 2014;155(11):2274–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2014.08.015. Epub 2014 Aug 19 PMID: 25149143.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li QY, Xu HY, Yang HJ. Effect of proinflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β, IL-6 on neuropathic pain. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2017;42(19):3709–12. https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170907.004. PMID: 29235283.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zacharias NA, Karri J, Garcia C, Lachman LK. Abd-Elsayed A Interventional Radiofrequency Treatment for the Sympathetic Nervous System A Review Article. Pain Ther. 2021;10(1):115–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-020-00227-8. PMID: 33433856; PMCID: PMC8119558.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar