D’Souza RS, Daraz L, Hooten WM, Guyatt G, Murad MH. Users’ guides to the medical literature series on social media (part 1): how to interpret healthcare information available on platforms. BMJ Evid Based Med 2022; 27: 11–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111817

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Surani Z, Hirani R, Elias A, et al. Social media usage among health care providers. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10: 654. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2993-y

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dean B. How many people use YouTube [new data]? Available from URL: https://backlinko.com/youtube-users (accessed March 2024).

Semrush. youtube.com web traffic statistics. Available from URL: https://www.semrush.com/website/youtube.com/overview/ (accessed April 2024).

D’Souza RS, Hooten WM, Murad MH. A proposed approach for conducting studies that use data from social media platforms. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96: 2218–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.02.010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Javidan A, Nelms MW, Li A, et al. Evaluating YouTube as a source of education for patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review. Ann Surg 2023; 278: e712–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000005892

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, McKee M, Torbica A, Stuckler D. Systematic literature review on the spread of health-related misinformation on social media. Soc Sci Med 2019; 240: 112552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112552

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rapp AK, Healy MG, Charlton ME, Keith JN, Rosenbaum ME, Kapadia MR. YouTube is the most frequently used educational video source for surgical preparation. J Surg Educ 2016; 73: 1072–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2016.04.024

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021; 372: n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McGowan J, Sampson M, Salzwedel DM, Cogo E, Foerster V, Lefebvre C. PRESS peer review of electronic search strategies: 2015 guideline statement. J Clin Epidemiol 2016; 75: 40–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luo D, Wan X, Liu J, Tong T. Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and/or mid-quartile range. Stat Methods Med Res 2018; 27: 1785–805. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280216669183

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shi J, Luo D, Weng H, et al. Optimally estimating the sample standard deviation from the five-number summary. Res Synth Methods 2020; 11: 641–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1429

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14: 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-135

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

D’Souza RS, Daraz L, Hooten WM, Guyatt G, Murad MH. Users’ guides to the medical literature series on social media (part 2): how to appraise studies using data from platforms. BMJ Evid Based Med 2022; 27: 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111850

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rössler B, Lahner D, Schebesta K, Chiari A, Plöchl W. Medical information on the Internet: quality assessment of lumbar puncture and neuroaxial block techniques on YouTube. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; 114: 655–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.12.048

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carr PJ, Alexandrou E, Jackson GM, Spencer TR. Assessing the quality of central venous catheter and peripherally inserted central catheter videos on the YouTube video-sharing web site. J Assoc Vasc Access 2013; 18: 177–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.java.2013.06.001

Article  Google Scholar 

Tulgar S, Selvi O, Serifsoy TE, Senturk O, Ozer Z. YouTube as an information source of spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia and combined spinal and epidural anesthesia [Portuguese]. Braz J Anesthesiol 2017; 67: 493–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjan.2016.08.007

Article  Google Scholar 

Ocak U. Evaluation of the content, quality, reliability and accuracy of YouTube videos regarding endotracheal intubation techniques. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 21: 1651–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_207_18

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Selvi O, Tulgar S, Senturk O, Topcu DI, Ozer Z. YouTube as an informational source for brachial plexus blocks: evaluation of content and educational value [Portuguese]. Braz J Anesthesiol 2019; 69: 168–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjan.2018.11.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Cassai A, Correale C, Sandei L, Ban I, Selvi O, Tulgar S. Quality of erector spinae plane block educational videos on a popular video-sharing platform. Cureus 2019; 11: e4204. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4204

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sevinc M. Educational value of Internet videos in vascular access. J Vasc Access 2019; 20: 537–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1129729819845956

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tewfik GL, Work AN, Shulman SM, Discepola P. Objective validation of YouTube educational videos for the instruction of regional anesthesia nerve blocks: a novel approach. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20: 168. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-020-01084-w

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arslan B, Sugur T, Ciloglu O, Arslan A, Acik V. A cross-sectional study analyzing the quality of YouTube videos as a source of information for COVID-19 intubation. Braz J Anesthesiol 2021; 72: 302–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2021.10.002

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cho NR, Cha JH, Park JJ, Kim YH, Ko DS. Reliability and quality of YouTube videos on ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block: a programmatical review. Healthcare 2021; 9: 1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081083

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

D’Souza RS, D’Souza S, Sharpe EE. YouTube as a source of medical information about epidural analgesia for labor pain. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021; 45: 133–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2020.11.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Flinspach AN, Raimann FJ, Schalk R, et al. Epidural catheterization in obstetrics: a checklist-based video assessment of free available video material. J Clin Med 2022; 11: 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061726

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

King D, Davison D, Benjenk I, et al. YouTube to teach central lines, the expert vs learner perspective. J Intensive Care Med 2022; 37: 528–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066621999979

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kartufan FF, Bayram E. The evaluation of YouTubeTM videos pertaining to intraoperative anaesthesia awareness: a reliability and quality analysis. Cureus 2023; 15: e35887. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.35887

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Keelan J, Pavri-Garcia V, Tomlinson G, Wilson K. YouTube as a source of information on immunization: a content analysis. JAMA 2007; 298: 2482–4. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.21.2482

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kington RS, Arnesen S, Chou WY, Curry SJ, Lazer D, Villarruel AM. Identifying credible sources of health information in social media: principles and attributes. Available from URL: https://nam.edu/identifying-credible-sources-of-health-information-in-social-media-principles-and-attributes/ (accessed March 2024).

Pape-Koehler C, Immenroth M, Sauerland S, et al. Multimedia-based training on Internet platforms improves surgical performance: a randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc 2013; 27: 1737–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-012-2672-y

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Charnock D, Shepperd S, Needham G, Gann R. DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999; 53: 105–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.53.2.105