MacIntyre NR, Cook DJ, Ely EW, Epstein SK, Fink JB, Heffner JE, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support. A collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 2001;6:375–95.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ely EW, Baker AM, Dunagan DP, et al. Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1864–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Girard TD, Kress JP, Fuchs BD, et al. Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371:126–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thille AW, Richard J-CM, Brochard L. The decision to extubate in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187:1294–302.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schmidt GA, Girard TD, Kress JP, et al. Official executive summary of an American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians clinical practice guideline: liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:115–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McIntyre N. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing mechanical support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians, the American Association of Respiratory Care, and the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 2001;120:375–96.

Google Scholar 

Burns KE, Raptis SR, Nisenbaum R, Rizvi L, Jones A, Bashik J, Tan W, Meret A, Cook DJ, Lellouche F, Epstein S, Gattas D, Kapadia FN, Villar J, Brochard L, Lessard MR, Meade MO. International practice variation in weaning critically Ill adults from invasive mechanical ventilation. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018;15(4):494–502. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201705-410OC.PMID29509509.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burns KEA, Rizvi L, Cook DJ, Lebovic G, Dodek P, Villar J, Slutsky AS, Jones A, Kapadia FN, Gattas DJ, Epstein SK, Pelosi P, Kefala K, Meade MO for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. International practices in discontinuing mechanical ventilation. JAMA. 2021;325(12):1173–1184

Burns KE, Soliman I, Adhikari NKJ, Zwein A, Wong JTY, Gomez-Builes C, Pelligrini JA, Chen L, Rittayamai N, Sklar M, Brochard LJ, Friedrich JO. Trials directly comparing alternative spontaneous breathing trial techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-017-1698-x.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sklar MC, Burns K, Rittayamai N, et al. Effort to breathe with various spontaneous breathing trial techniques: a physiologic meta-analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:1477–85.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tobin MJ. Extubation and the myth of “minimal ventilator settings.” Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185:349–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burns KEA, Khan J, Phoophiboon V, Trivedi V, Gomez-Builes C, Giammarioli B, Lewis K, Chaudhuri D, Desai K, Friedrich JO. Pressure support versus T-piece and other spontaneous breathing trial comparisons for extubating critically Ill adults and children: a meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(2):e2356794.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dickersin K, Scherer R, Lefebvre C. Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews. BMJ. 1994;309(6964):1286–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lefebvre C, Manheimer E, Glanville J. Chapter 6: Searching for studies. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1 [updated September 2008]. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011. (Available at www.cochrane-handbook.org)

Robinson KA, Dickersin K. Development of a highly sensitive search strategy for the retrieval of reports of controlled trials using PubMed. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31(1):150–3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.0.0. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2008. (Available at http://handbook.cochrane.org).

Guyatt GH, Busse JW. Modification of Cochrane tool to assess risk of bias in randomized trials. Evidence Partners, Inc., website. https://www.evidencepartners.com/resources/methodological-resources/. (Accessed November 12, 2023).

Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539–58.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Higgins JPT, Green S. editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011. (Available at http://handbook.cochrane.org).

Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis J, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d4002.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cope S, Zhang J, Saletan S, Smiechowski B, Jansen JP, Schmid P. A process for assessing the feasibility of a network met-analysis: a case study of everolimus in combination with hormonal therapy versus chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. BMC Med. 2014;12:93. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Belhadi D, Pacou M, Gauthier A, Taieb V, Mesana L. Checklist to assess the feasibility of a network meta-analysis. Value Health. 2016;19(3):A100.

Article  Google Scholar 

Higgins JP, Jackson D, Barrett JK, Lu G, Ades AE, White IR. Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies. Res Synth Methods. 2012;3(2):98–110.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557–60.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu G, Ades AE. Assessing evidence inconsistency in mixed treatment comparisons. J Am Stat Assoc. 2006;101(474):447–59.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

White IR, Barrett JK, Jackson D, Higgins JP. Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: model estimation using multivariate meta-regression. Res Synth Methods. 2012;3(2):111–25.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chaimani A, Higgins JP, Mavridis D, Spyridonos P, Salanti G. Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(10):e76654.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brignardello-Petersen R, et al. Advances in the GRADE approach to rate the certainty in estimates from a network meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2018;93:36–44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al, GRADE Working Group. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336:924–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD

Puhan MA, Schünemann HJ, Murad MH, et al, GRADE Working Group. A GRADE Working Group approach for rating the quality of treatment effect estimates from network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014;349:5630. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g5630

Ge L, Sadeghirad B, Ball GDC, da Costa BR, Hitchcock CL, Svendrovski A, Kiflen R, Quadri K, Kwon HY, Karamouzian M, Adams-Webber T, Ahmed W, Damanhoury S, Zeraatkar D, Nikolakopoulou A, Tsuyuki RT, Tian J, Yang K, Guyatt GH, Johnston BC. Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2020;369:m696. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m696.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chiappa AMG, Chiappa GR, Cipriano G Jr, et al. Spontaneous breathing trial in T-tube negatively impact on automatic modulation of heart rate compared with pressure support in critically ill patients. Clin Respir J. 2017;11:489–95.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferreira JC, Diniz-Silva F, Moriya HT, et al. Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) or Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) during spontaneous breathing trials in critically ill patients: a crossover trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17:139.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ferreira FV, Sugo EK, Aragon DC, Carmona F, Carlotti APCP. Spontaneous breathing trial for prediction of extubation success in pediatric patients following congenital heart surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019;20(10):940–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chengfen Y, Xinjing G, Zhibo L, Jie Z, Lei X. Comparison of the effect of CPAP+PPS mode and CPAP+ASB mode in weaning on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Chin Crit Care Med. 2018;30(10):939–42.

Google Scholar 

Li Y, Li H, Zhang D. Comparison of T-piece and pressure support ventilation as spontaneous breathing trials in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2020;24:67.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cardinal-Fernandez P, Bougnaud J, Argaud L, Cour M, Guerin C. Automatic tube compensation during spontaneous breathing trials. Respir Care. 2022;67(10):1335–42.

Article  PubMed