Brose MS, Nutting CM, Jarzab B, Elisei R, Siena S, Bastholt L et al (2014) Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet 384(9940):319–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60421-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schlumberger M, Tahara M, Wirth LJ, Robinson B, Brose MS, Elisei R et al (2015) Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med 372(7):621–630. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1406470

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wells SA Jr., Robinson BG, Gagel RF, Dralle H, Fagin JA, Santoro M et al (2012) Vandetanib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 30(2):134–141. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.35.5040

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brose MS, Robinson BG, Sherman SI, Jarzab B, Lin CC, Vaisman F et al (2022) Cabozantinib for previously treated radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: updated results from the phase 3 COSMIC-311 trial. Cancer 128(24):4203–4212. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.34493

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brose MS, Robinson B, Sherman SI, Krajewska J, Lin CC, Vaisman F et al (2021) Cabozantinib for radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (COSMIC-311): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 22(8):1126–1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00332-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elisei R, Schlumberger MJ, Müller SP, Schöffski P, Brose MS, Shah MH et al (2013) Cabozantinib in progressive medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 31(29):3639–3646. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.48.4659

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Busaidy NL, Konda B, Wei L, Wirth LJ, Devine C, Daniels GA et al (2022) Dabrafenib versus Dabrafenib + Trametinib in BRAF-mutated radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: results of a randomized, phase 2, open-label multicenter trial. Thyroid 32(10):1184–1192. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2022.0115

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma (2014) Cell 159(3):676–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.050

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Felicetti F, Nervo A, Piovesan A, Berardelli R, Marchisio F, Gallo M, Arvat E (2017) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors rechallenge in solid tumors: a review of literature and a case description with lenvatinib in thyroid cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 17(12):1093–1098. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2017.1390432

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marotta V, Colao A, Faggiano A (2015) Complete disappearance of liver metastases in a patient with iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer subjected to Sorafenib re-challenge. Endocrine 50(3):824–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-015-0570-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takinami M, Yokota T (2020) Rechallenge with lenvatinib after refractoriness to initial lenvatinib followed by sorafenib in a patient with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Case Rep Oncol 13(2):522–527. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507344

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kuczynski EA, Sargent DJ, Grothey A, Kerbel RS (2013) Drug rechallenge and treatment beyond progression–implications for drug resistance. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 10(10):571–587. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.158

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tanaka H, Sakamoto H, Akita T, Ohyanagi F, Kawashima Y, Tambo Y et al (2022) Clinical efficacy of dacomitinib in rechallenge setting for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective analysis (TOPGAN2020-02). Thorac Cancer 13(10):1471–1478. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.14415

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

omizawa Y, Fujita Y, Tamura A, Shirai M, Shibata S, Kawabata T et al (2010) Effect of Gefitinib re-challenge to initial gefitinib responder with non-small cell lung cancer followed by chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 68(2):269–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.06.025

Article  Google Scholar 

Vincenzi B, Nannini M, Badalamenti G, Grignani G, Fumagalli E, Gasperoni S et al (2018) Imatinib rechallenge in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors following progression with imatinib, sunitinib and regorafenib. Ther Adv Med Oncol 10:1758835918794623. https://doi.org/10.1177/1758835918794623

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kang YK, Ryu MH, Yoo C, Ryoo BY, Kim HJ, Lee JJ et al (2013) Resumption of imatinib to control metastatic or unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (RIGHT): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 14(12):1175–1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70453-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ikeda A, Aoki K, Kawamura M, Yamaguchi D, Kokuryu H (2021) Sorafenib rechallenge and sorafenib after lenvatinib failure in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Intern Med 60(3):403–407. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.5552-20

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Terashima Y, Hakozaki T, Takeuchi S, Hosomi Y (2022) Lenvatinib rechallenge in a patient with advanced thymic carcinoma: a case report. Thorac Cancer 13(23):3408–3411. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.14699

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guo R, Chen X, Wang T, Zhang Z, Sun J, Shu Y (2011) Subsequent chemotherapy reverses acquired tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and restores response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 11:90. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-11-90

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Becker A, Crombag L, Heideman DA, Thunnissen FB, van Wijk AW, Postmus PE, Smit EF (2011) Retreatment with erlotinib: regain of TKI sensitivity following a drug holiday for patients with NSCLC who initially responded to EGFR-TKI treatment. Eur J Cancer 47(17):2603–2606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.06.046

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Loriot Y, Massard C, Gross-Goupil M, Di Palma M, Escudier B, Bossi A et al (2010) The interval from the last cycle of docetaxel-based chemotherapy to progression is associated with the efficacy of subsequent docetaxel in patients with prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 46(10):1770–1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2010.04.010

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patrikidou A, Chabaud S, Ray-Coquard I, Bui BN, Adenis A, Rios M et al (2013) Influence of imatinib interruption and rechallenge on the residual disease in patients with advanced GIST: results of the BFR14 prospective French Sarcoma Group randomised, phase III trial. Ann Oncol 24(4):1087–1093. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mds587

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zama IN, Hutson TE, Elson P, Cleary JM, Choueiri TK, Heng DY et al (2010) Sunitinib rechallenge in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. Cancer 116(23):5400–5406. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25583

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taverna C, Voegeli J, Trojan A, Olie RA, von Rohr A (2012) Effective response with bortezomib retreatment in relapsed multiple myeloma–a multicentre retrospective survey in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly 142:w13562. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2012.13562

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Colombo N, Gore M (2007) Treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer relapsing 6–12 months post platinum-based chemotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 64(2):129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.04.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brose MS, Panaseykin Y, Konda B, de la Fouchardiere C, Hughes BGM, Gianoukakis AG et al (2022) A randomized study of lenvatinib 18 mg vs 24 mg in patients with Radioiodine-Refractory differentiated thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107(3):776–787. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab731

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robinson B, Schlumberger M, Wirth LJ, Dutcus CE, Song J, Taylor MH et al (2016) Characterization of tumor size changes over time from the phase 3 study of lenvatinib in thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(11):4103–4109. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-3989

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fukuda N, Toda K, Wang X, Ohmoto A, Hayashi N, Urasaki T et al (2021) Prognostic significance of 8 weeks’ relative dose intensity of lenvatinib in treatment of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Endocr J 68(6):639–647. https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ20-0754

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Izzedine H, Mangier M, Ory V, Zhang SY, Sendeyo K, Bouachi K et al (2014) Expression patterns of RelA and c-mip are associated with different glomerular diseases following anti-VEGF therapy. Kidney Int 85(2):457–470. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2013.344

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goto H, Kiyota N, Otsuki N, Imamura Y, Chayahara N, Suto H et al (2018) Successful treatment switch from lenvatinib to sorafenib in a patient with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer intolerant to lenvatinib due to severe proteinuria. Auris Nasus Larynx 45(6):1249–1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2018.05.003

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang CH, Chen KT, Lin YS, Hsu CY, Ou YC, Tung MC (2020) Improvement of lenvatinib-induced nephrotic syndrome after adaptation to sorafenib in thyroid cancer: a case report. World J Clin Cases 8(20):4883–4894.