From the aDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu

bDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

cPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, The University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

dDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

eDepartment of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, St Vincent's Private Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia

fAltos Labs, Inc, San Diego, CA.

Received December 3, 2023, and accepted for publication, after revision January 31, 2024.

Makoto Shiraishi: 0000-0002-3734-2085Chihena Hansini Banda: 0000-0002-2743-4218Kou Fujisawa: 0000-0003-3601-7739Kohei Mitsui: 0000-0002-2954-3231Kento Hosomi: 0009-0002-0504-0995Masakazu Kurita: 0000-0001-7626-9565

Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared.

Financial disclosures: No financial support was obtained for this study.

Authors' contribution: MS, MiN, YM, MK, and MO designed the study. MS, MiN, CHB, YM, KF, MaN, KY, CK, YO, KM, KH, KD, KH, and RI participated in the acquisition of data. MS, MiN, and CHB participated in the analysis and interpretation of the data. MS drafted the manuscript. MS, MiN, CHB, YM, MK, and MO revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.annalsplasticsurgery.com).

Reprints: Mitsunaga Narushima, MD, PhD, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan. E-mail: [email protected].