From the aSchulich School of Medicine, Western University, London

bQueens School of Medicine, Queens University, Kingston

cDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Received April 20, 2023, and accepted for publication, after revision January 13, 2024.

Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared.

In accordance with ethical standards, ethical approval was not required for this review.

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent is not required.

K.M. did the project validation, search strategy formation, level 1 and 2 screening, data extraction, statistical analysis, manuscript write-up; V.C. did the project validation, level 1 and 2 screening, data extraction, manuscript write-up; E.A.L. did the data extraction, statistical analysis manuscript write-up, manuscript review; K.J. did the data extraction, manuscript write-up, manuscript review; K.A. did the idea conceptualization, project validation, project guidance, manuscript review; T.D. did the project guidance, manuscript review; A.M.S. did the idea conceptualization, project guidance, manuscript review.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.annalsplasticsurgery.com).

Reprints: Andrew M. Simpson, MD, FRCSC, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Assistant Professor, Western University, 800 Commissioners Rd E London, ON, Canada. E-mail: [email protected].