1Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Inflammation, Complement and Cancer team, Paris, France.

2Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, UK

3Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.

4Department of Nephrology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.

5Department of Nephrology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.

6Department of Anathomopathology, Necker Hospital, APHP,Paris

7INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Département Croissance et Signalisation, Paris, France.

8Pediatric Nephrology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, MARHEA reference center, APHP, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

9Department of pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France

10Department of Nephrology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France

11Department of Nephrology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.

12Department of Pathology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.

13Department of Nephrology, Poissy Intercommunal Hospital, Poissy, France.

14Department of Pathology, Tenon Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.

15Department of Nephrology, Tenon Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.

16Department of Pathology, Henri Mondor Hospital, APHP, Créteil, France.

17Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Department, Henri Mondor Hospital University, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare « Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique », Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire « Innovative therapy for immune disorders, Créteil, France

18Univ Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France

19Department of Pathology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France.

20Department of Nephrology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France.

21Department of Nephrology, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France

22Paris Cité University, Paris, France

23Department of Immunology, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France

aCorresponding author: Dr Sophie Chauvet, Department of Nephrology, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France ([email protected])

*SC and JPDVH contributed equally to this work