*Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

†Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

‡Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

§Department of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC

∥Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

¶Department of Surgical Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA

#Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA

**Department of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

††Department of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ

‡‡Department of Medicine, National Quality Forum, Washington, DC; School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA

§§Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

∥∥Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL

¶¶Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

[email protected].

Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.annalsofsurgery.com.