Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Kang Soo Lee, Zachary Landry, Pratchaya Pramoj Na Ayutthaya, Richard J. Henshaw, Clara Martínez-Pérez, Oliver Müller, Jing Wang, Yang Yue & Roman Stocker

Department of Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Zachary Landry

European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK

Awais Athar & Ugis Sarkans

Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

Uria Alcolombri

Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

David Berry, Márton Palatinszky, Fátima C. Pereira, Alessandra Riva & Michael Wagner

Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

David Berry

HORIBA France SAS, Palaiseau, France

Philippe de Bettignies

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

Ji-Xin Cheng

Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Gabor Csucs & Sung Sik Lee

Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China

Li Cui

Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany

Volker Deckert & Jürgen Popp

Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V. Jena, member of Leibniz Health Technology, member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany

Volker Deckert & Jürgen Popp

WITec GmbH, Ulm, Germany

Thomas Dieing & Ievgeniia Iermak

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

Jennifer Dionne

Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i, Brno, Czech Republic

Ondrej Doskocil, Zdenek Pilat, Filip Plesinger & Ota Samek

Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland

Glen D’Souza, Olga T. Schubert & Astrid K. M. Stubbusch

Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Glen D’Souza, Olga T. Schubert & Astrid K. M. Stubbusch

CMET, Center for Microbial Technology and Ecology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium

Cristina García-Timermans

Institute of Biophysics, Department of Bionanosciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria

Notburga Gierlinger

Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Keisuke Goda

Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

Keisuke Goda

Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Keisuke Goda

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Center for Biofilm Engineering, and Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA

Roland Hatzenpichler

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Wei E. Huang

Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Water Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences (Dep. Chemistry), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany

Natalia P. Ivleva

Department of Chemistry, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Janina Kneipp

Renishaw GmbH, Pliezhausen, Germany

Patrick Kubryk

Institute of Biodiversity, Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

Kirsten Küsel

Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

Kirsten Küsel

Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea

Tae Kwon Lee

Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Sung Sik Lee

Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioengineering and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China

Bo Ma

Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI, Harwell, UK

Pavel Matousek

Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Rainer U. Meckenstock

Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Wei Min

Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Wei Min

Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

Peter Mojzeš

Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Naresh Kumar & Renato Zenobi

Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Per Halkjær Nielsen & Michael Wagner

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

Ioan Notingher

School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

Fátima C. Pereira

Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan

Giuseppe Pezzotti

Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan

Giuseppe Pezzotti

Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

Giuseppe Pezzotti

Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Alexander J. Probst

School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany

Alessandra Riva

Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Amr. A. E. Saleh

Centre for Research in Earth and Space Sciences, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Haley M. Sapers

Geological Institute, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Astrid K. M. Stubbusch

Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA

Loza F. Tadesse

Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA

Loza F. Tadesse

Jameel Clinic for AI & Healthcare, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA

Loza F. Tadesse

School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

Gordon T. Taylor

Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland

Jing Wang & Yang Yue

Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

Huabing Yin

Timegate Instruments Oy, Oulu, Finland

Jacopo Zini

Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Jacopo Zini

K.S.L., Z.L., A.A., U.S. and R.S. wrote the paper. All authors reviewed and approved the paper.