Vizcarra P, Pérez-Elías MJ, Quereda C, Moreno A, Vivancos MJ, Dronda F, et al. Description of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a single-centre, prospective cohort. Lancet HIV. 2020;7:e554–64.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Del Amo J, Polo R, Moreno S, Díaz A, Martínez E Jr, et al. Incidence and severity of COVID-19 in HIV-positive persons receiving antiretroviral therapy: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-3689.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Augello M, Bono V, Rovito R, Tincati C, Marchetti G. Immunologic interplay between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: adding fuel to the flames? Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-023-00647-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geretti A, Stockdale A, Kelly S, Cevik M, Collins S, L W, et al. Outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related hospitalization among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the ISARIC world health organization (WHO) clinical characterization protocol (UK): a prospective observational study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:e2095–106.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giacomelli A, Gagliardini R, Tavelli A, Benedittis SD, Mazzotta V, Rizzardini G, et al. Risk of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in people living with HIV compared to general population according to age and CD4 strata: data from the ICONA network. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;136:127–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Western Cape Department of Health in collaboration with the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, South Africa. Risk Factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Death in a Population Cohort Study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1198

Yang X, Sun J, Patel R, Zhang J, Guo S, Q Z, et al. Associations between HIV infection and clinical spectrum of COVID-19: a population level analysis based on US National COVID cohort collaborative (N3C) data. Lancet HIV. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00239-3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Augello M, Bono V, Rovito R, Tincati C, Bianchi S, Taramasso L, et al. Association between SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, skewed T cell responses, inflammation, and severity in hospitalized COVID-19 people living with HIV. iScience. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.108673.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Augello M, Bono V, Rovito R, Tincati C, d’Arminio Monforte A, Marchetti G. Six-month immune responses to mRNA-1273 vaccine in combination antiretroviral therapy treated late presenter people with HIV according to previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. AIDS. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000003585.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Antinori A, Cicalini S, Meschi S, Bordoni V, Lorenzini P, Vergori A, et al. Humoral and cellular immune response elicited by mRNA vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus receiving antiretroviral therapy based on current CD4 T-lymphocyte count. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75:e552.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Polvere J, Fabbiani M, Pastore G, Rancan I, Rossetti B, Medaglini D, et al. B cell response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people living with HIV. Commun Med. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-023-00245-5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Benet S, Blanch-Lombarte O, Ainsua-Enrich E, Pedreño-Lopez N, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Raïch-Regué D, et al. Limited humoral and specific T-cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PWH with poor immune reconstitution. J Infect Dis. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac406.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jongkees M, Geers D, Hensley K, Huisman W, GeurtsvanKessel C, Bogers S, et al. Immunogenicity of an additional mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with HIV with hyporesponse after primary vaccination. J Infect Dis. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac451.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vergori A, Lepri AC, Cicalini S, Matusali G, Bordoni V, Lanini S, et al. Immunogenicity to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine third dose in people living with HIV. Nat Commun. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32263-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vergori A, Tavelli A, Matusali G, Azzini A, Augello M, Mazzotta V, et al. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine response in people living with HIV according to CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio. Vaccines. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11111664.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lapointe H, Mwimanzi F, Cheung P, Sang Y, Yaseen F, Speckmaier S, et al. Antibody response durability following three-dose coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in people with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000003469.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tau L, Hagin D, Freund T, Halperin T, Adler A, Marom R, et al. Humoral and cellular immune responses of people living with human immunodeficiency virus after 3 doses of messenger RNA BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine: a prospective cohort study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad347.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heftdal LD, Pérez-Alós L, Hasselbalch RB, Hansen CB, Hamm SR, Møller DL, et al. Humoral and cellular immune responses eleven months after the third dose of BNT162b2 an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV—a prospective observational cohort study. eBioMedicine. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104661.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kageyama T, Ikeda K, Tanaka S, Taniguchi T, Igari H, Onouchi Y, et al. Antibody responses to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and their predictors among healthcare workers in a tertiary referral hospital in Japan. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2021.07.042.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Noe S, Ochana N, Wiese C, Schabaz F, Von Krosigk A, Heldwein S, et al. Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV. Infection. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-021-01721-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wiens J, Shenoy E. Machine learning for healthcare: on the verge of a major shift in healthcare epidemiology. Clin Infect Dis. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix731.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alejo J, Mitchell J, Chiang T, Chang A, Abedon A, Wa W, et al. Predicting a positive antibody response after 2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in transplant recipients: a machine learning approach with external validation. Transplantation. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000004259.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Giannella M, Huth M, Righi E, Hasenauer J, Marconi L, Konnova A, et al. Using machine learning to predict antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients: the multicentre ORCHESTRA cohort. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2023.04.027.

Article  Google Scholar 

Harris P, Taylor R, Minor B, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O’Neal L, et al. The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Olusegun AM, Dikko HG, Gulumbe SU. Identifying the limitation of stepwise selection for variable selection in regression analysis. Am J Theor Appl Stat. 2015;4:414–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Steyerberg E, Eijkemans M, Habbema J. Stepwise selection in small data sets: a simulation study of bias in logistic regression analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00103-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chammartin F, Kusejko K, Pasin C, Trkola A, Briel M, P A, et al. Determinants of antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccines in people with HIV. AIDS. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000003246.

Article  Google Scholar 

Piernas C, Patone M, Astbury N, Gao M, Sheikh A, Khunti K, et al. Associations of BMI with COVID-19 vaccine uptake, vaccine effectiveness, and risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes after vaccination in England: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00158-9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lasrado N, Barouch D. SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity: the best of both worlds. J Infect Dis. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad353.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dobner J, Kaser S. Body mass index and the risk of infection—from underweight to obesity. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2017.02.013.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tauzin A, Gong S, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Vézina D, Gasser R, Nault L, et al. Strong humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination with a 16-week interval between doses. Cell Host Microbe. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nicolas A, Sannier G, Dubé M, Nayrac M, Tauzin A, Mm P, et al. An extended SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine prime-boost interval enhances B cell immunity with limited impact on T cells. IScience. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105904.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hall V, Ferreira V, Wood H, Ierullo M, Majchrzak-Kita B, Manguiat K, et al. Delayed-interval BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination enhances humoral immunity and induces robust T cell responses. Nat Immunol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01126-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dangi T, Sanchez S, Lew M, Visvabharathy L, Richner J, Koralnik I, et al. Pre-existing immunity modulates responses to mRNA boosters. Cell Rep. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112167.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar