We would like to thank the Data Safety Monitoring Board Chair and members:

Michelle Ng Gong, M.D, M.S.(Chair)

Professor of Medicine

Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health

Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Chief, Department of Medicine Division of Critical Care

Chief, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Medicine

Director, Department of Medicine Critical Care Research

Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA

Manpreet Singh Mundi, MD (Member)

Professor, Department of Medicine,

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition

Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

USA

Christopher John Lindsell (Member)

Professor of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics

Director, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR) Methods Program

Co-director, Vanderbilt Health Data Science (HEADS) Center

Nashville, TN

USA

Collaborators

The Saudi Critical Care Trials Group

King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh: Yaseen M. Arabi, Hasan M. Al-Dorzi, Abdulaziz Al-Dawood, Omar Al Dibaasi, Jesna Jose, Musharaf Sadat, Haifa AlHumedi, Amal Almatroud

Brintha Naidu, Vicki Burrow, Salha Al Zayer, Haseena Banu Khan, Afonso Varela, Maram Sakkijha, Norah Khalid Alamrey, Hatim Areshi, Samah Qahtani, Amro Ghazi, Mohammed Moneer Hejazy

King Saud Medical City, Riyadh: Dina Muharib, Ahmed Mady, Mohammed AlAqeely

Maha AlOtaibi, Mohamed Ali Alodat, Rayan Alshayeh, AbdulRehman AlHarthi, Naif Al Qahtani, Yasmeen Ayed AlHejiely, Mada Muzhir AlZahrani, Mohammed Haddad Lhmdi, Nouf AlBakhiet

Katrina Baguisa, Huda Mhawish

King Abdulaziz university hospital, Jeddah: Haifa AlGhethamy, Saleh T Baaziz, Abeer Othman Azhar, Sara Fahad Alabbas, Liyakat Khan, Moataz Gabr, Shehla Nuzhat

King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah: Dr. Fahad Al-Hameed, Dr. Gulam Rasool, Ohoud Al Orabi, Raghad Malabari, Kholoud Shobragi, Shaymaa Asaas

Prince Sultan Military Medical City: Adnan AlGhamdi, Ghaleb A. AlMekhlafi, Rabeah Hamad Alhutail, Madiha ElGhannam, Beverly Bcuizon, Bander AlAnezi, Christine Joy Anaud

Assir Central Hospital, Abha: Ali Al Bshabshe, Munir AlDammad, Yahia Otaif, Osama Hakami

King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ahsa: Jamal Chalabi, Arwa AlHusseini, Shahinaz Bashir

King Fahad Medical City: Dr. Mohammed Almaani

King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah: Khalid Al Ghamdi, Lama Hefni

Samahar Alamoudi, Milyn L Ansing

King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh: Khalid Maghrabi, Sawsan Albalawi, Manar Alahmadi, Mohammed AlHumaid, Samar Talal Nouri, Rozeena Huma

Khawla Farhan

Ohoud Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah, Saudi Arabia: Ayman Kharaba, Mohamed Hussein, Kaouthar Sifaoui, Olfa Baji, Abdulrehman Alerw, Khloud Johani, Monera AlEnezi

Ismail Boudrar, Rabiah Atiq, Maali Junid, Maram Yusef

Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait : Abdulrahman A Al-Fares, Alia Al-Mutawa

Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia: Ahmad S Qureshi

Ahmed Quadri, Khalid Idrees

Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah Hospital Kuwait: Sarah Fadel Buabbas, Jumana Hani AlMubarak

King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Rakan Alqahtani, Mona Bin Mabkoot

Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait: Sarah Adel Buabbas, Jumanna AlMubarak

Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Wadiah Alawi Al Filfil, Wafa Mansoor M Hazem, AbdulRehman Fahad alkraidees,

King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Mohammed S. Alshahrani, Talal Albrahim, Laila Perlas Asonto

Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium: Jean-Charles Preiser

University of Tartu, Estonia: Joel Starkopf

University of Copenhagen, Denmark: Anders Perner