From the aDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

bDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan

cDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

dDepartment of Biomedical Statistics & Bioinformatics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Received October 21, 2023, and accepted for publication, after revision March 6, 2024.

Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared.

Author Contributions: All authors have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (3) final approval of the version to be submitted.

Reprints: Yoshihiro Sowa, MD, PhD, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. E-mail: [email protected].