H. Raza Ali1 and Robert B. West2 1Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom 2Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA Correspondence: raza.alicruk.cam.ac.uk; rbweststanford.edu

Spatial findings have shaped on our understanding of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss how spatial methods, including spatial transcriptomics and proteomics and the resultant understanding of spatial relationships, have contributed to concepts regarding cancer progression and treatment. In addition to discussing traditional approaches, we examine how emerging multiplex imaging technologies have contributed to the field and how they might influence future research.