The pathogenesis of cancer is an intricate and diverse procedure distinguished by the rampant proliferation and expansion of cells, culminating in the development of harmful neoplasms. It is crucial to comprehend the complex molecular mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon to formulate targeted therapeutic approaches. Over the course of time, a wealth of research has illuminated the contribution of diverse genetic and epigenetic elements to the onset of cancer [1]. The complex participation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of malignancies creates a complex environment in which these non-coding RNA species regulate numerous cellular processes [2].

LncRNAs, distinguished by the length of their transcripts surpassing 200 nucleotides, have become crucial regulators of chromatin structure, gene expression, and cellular signaling. Their dysregulation has been associated with the aberrant regulation of critical pathways that govern cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation in cancer. Recent research has unveiled that lncRNAs regulate critical oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways, functioning as molecular orchestrators within the complex web of cellular processes that delineate cancer initiation [3], [4].

The molecular mechanisms through which lncRNAs impact processes associated with cancer are multifaceted. lncRNAs have the unique ability to function as scaffolds, directing the formation of protein complexes and impacting the epigenetic terrain. For example, it has been discovered that specific lncRNAs regulate the expression of genes implicated in cancer development by interacting with chromatin-modifying enzymes. Moreover, lncRNAs can operate as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), restricting the access of microRNAs and regulating the expression of target mRNAs, regulating crucial signaling pathways that are implicated in the advancement of cancer [5], [6].

The interaction between lncRNAs and cellular processes extends to the tumor microenvironment. In this milieu, lncRNAs influence extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and the immune response. lncRNAs exert a complex regulatory control over the communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment, thereby affecting the metastatic potential of malignancies. Recent developments in the field have highlighted the importance of lncRNAs in regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a crucial process associated with cancer cell dissemination and distant metastasis formation [7], [8], [9].

The scholarly literature provides substantial evidence regarding the crucial function of particular lncRNAs in diverse forms of cancer. As an illustration, HOTAIR (HOX Transcript Antisense Intergenic RNA) has been linked to the metastasis of breast cancer, whereas MALAT1 (metastasis associated with lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) is implicated in the progression of lung cancer. Translational significance is underscored by identifying lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets; thus, it is critical to comprehend their molecular complexities [10], [11].

As the complex relationship between lncRNAs and cancer becomes more thoroughly examined, an intriguing aspect arises: lncRNAs derived from immune cells play a role in the direction of cancer progression. The influence of immune cells, which are dynamic components of the tumor microenvironment, on cancer progression has received growing attention. This targeted investigation elucidates the precise functions that lncRNAs originating from immune cells perform in regulating the tumor microenvironment, thus impacting the advancement of cancer [12]. Recent developments in this field underscore the significance of comprehending the molecular complexities of lncRNAs derived from immune cells; they provide invaluable insights beyond the confines of conventional oncological investigations [13], [14].

In summary, the comprehensive examination of lncRNAs originating from immune cells and the integration of recent developments profoundly enhance our knowledge regarding the intricate nature of lncRNAs in the context of cancer. By providing a cohesive narrative, this work establishes a solid basis for understanding the complicated relationship between lncRNAs and cancer and emphasizes their potential for translational therapeutic interventions. As we traverse this complex terrain, integrating insights from both fields contributes to a comprehensive viewpoint that transcends traditional limitations, providing direction for forthcoming research pursuits in the ever-evolving field of cancer biology.