Biousse V, Newman NJ (2015) Ischemic optic neuropathies. N Engl J Med 372(25):2428–2436. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1413352

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bernstein SL, Miller NR (2015) Ischemic optic neuropathies and their models: disease comparisons, model strengths and weaknesses. Jpn J Ophthalmol 59(3):135–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-015-0373-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baig MN, Lubow M, Immesoete P, Bergese SD, Hamdy EA, Mendel E (2007) Vision loss after spine surgery: review of the literature and recommendations. Neurosurg Focus 23(5):E15. https://doi.org/10.3171/FOC-07/11/15

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collignon-Robe NJ, Feke GT, Rizzo JF 3rd (2004) Optic nerve head circulation in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Ophthalmology 111(9):1663–1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.05.020

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khan AA, Hussain SA, Khan M, Corbett JJ (2012) MRI findings of bilateral posterior ischemic optic neuropathy in postcardiac transplant patient. Neurologist 18(5):313–315. https://doi.org/10.1097/NRL.0b013e3182675360

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel HR, Margo CE (2017) Pathology of ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 141(1):162–166. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0027-RS

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hattenhauer MG, Leavitt JA, Hodge DO, Grill R, Gray DT (1997) Incidence of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 123(1):103–107

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson LN, Arnold AC (1994) Incidence of nonarteritic and arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Population-based study in the state of Missouri and Los Angeles County, California. J Neuro-Ophthalmol 14(1):38–44

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Duchene G, Peeters F, Peeters A, Duprez T (2017) A comparative study of the sensitivity of diffusion-related parameters obtained from diffusion tensor imaging, diffusional kurtosis imaging, q-space analysis and bi-exponential modelling in the early disease course (24 h) of hyperacute (6 h) ischemic stroke patients. MAGMA 30(4):375–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-017-0612-5

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Federau C, Sumer S, Becce F, Maeder P, O’Brien K, Meuli R, Wintermark M (2014) Intravoxel incoherent motion perfusion imaging in acute stroke: initial clinical experience. Neuroradiology 56(8):629–635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-014-1370-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hui ES, Fieremans E, Jensen JH, Tabesh A, Feng W, Bonilha L, Spampinato MV, Adams R, Helpern JA (2012) Stroke assessment with diffusional kurtosis imaging. Stroke 43(11):2968–2973. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.657742

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Spampinato MV, Chan C, Jensen JH, Helpern JA, Bonilha L, Kautz SA, Nietert PJ, Feng W (2017) Diffusional kurtosis imaging and motor outcome in acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 38(7):1328–1334. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5180

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yin J, Sun H, Wang Z, Ni H, Shen W, Sun PZ (2018) Diffusion kurtosis imaging of acute infarction: comparison with routine diffusion and follow-up MR imaging. Radiology 287(2):651–657. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017170553

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lu P, Sha Y, Wan H, Wang F, Tian G, Tang W (2017) Assessment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging using readout-segmented echo-planar imaging, parallel imaging, and 2D navigator-based reacquisition. J Magn Reson Imaging : JMRI 46(6):1760–1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25760

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mournet S, Sene T, Charbonneau F, Poillon G, Vignal C, Clavel G, Guillaume J, Savatovsky J, Lecler A (2022) Early diffusion-weighted MRI at 3 Tesla detects ischemic changes of the optic nerve in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Eur Radiol 32(5):3588–3596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-021-08417-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang MY, Qi PH, Shi DP (2011) Diffusion tensor imaging of the optic nerve in subacute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy at 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32(7):1188–1194. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2487

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu P, Yuan T, Liu X, Tian G, Zhang J, Sha Y (2020) Role of diffusional kurtosis imaging in differentiating neuromyelitis optica–related and multiple sclerosis–related acute optic neuritis: comparison with diffusion-weighted imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 44(1):47–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/rct.0000000000000974

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: natural history of visual outcome. Ophthalmology 115(2):298-305 e292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.05.027

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo YL, Li SJ, Zhang ZP, Shen ZW, Zhang GS, Yan G, Wang YT, Rao HB, Zheng WB, Wu RH (2016) Parameters of diffusional kurtosis imaging for the diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction in different brain regions. Exp Ther Med 12(2):933–938. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3390

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu D, Jiang Y, Ji Y, Zhou IY, Mandeville E, Lo EH, Wang X, Sun PZ (2018) JOURNAL CLUB: Evaluation of diffusion kurtosis imaging of stroke lesion with hemodynamic and metabolic mri in a rodent model of acute stroke. AJR Am J Roentgenol 210(4):720–727. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.17.19134

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu LH, Zhang ZP, Wang FN, Cheng QH, Guo G (2019) Diffusion kurtosis imaging of microstructural changes in brain tissue affected by acute ischemic stroke in different locations. Neural Regen Res 14(2):272–279. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.244791

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jensen JH, Helpern JA, Ramani A, Lu H, Kaczynski K (2005) Diffusional kurtosis imaging: the quantification of non-gaussian water diffusion by means of magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 53(6):1432–1440. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20508

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang S, Yao Y, Shi J, Tang X, Zhao L, Zhu W (2016) The temporal evolution of diffusional kurtosis imaging in an experimental middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Magn Reson Imaging 34(7):889–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2016.04.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jensen JH, Falangola MF, Hu C, Tabesh A, Rapalino O, Lo C, Helpern JA (2011) Preliminary observations of increased diffusional kurtosis in human brain following recent cerebral infarction. NMR Biomed 24(5):452–457. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1610

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yuan L, Sun M, Chen Y, Long M, Zhao X, Yin J, Yan X, Ji D, Ni H (2016) Non-Gaussian diffusion alterations on diffusion kurtosis imaging in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 616:11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.021

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doring TM, Lopes FCR, Kubo TTA, Tukamoto G, Kimura MC, Strecker RM, Domingues RC, Gasparetto EL (2014) Neuromyelitis optica: a diffusional kurtosis imaging study. Am J Neuroradiol 35(12):2287–2292. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4050

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liyan L, Si W, Qian W, Yuhui S, Xiaoer W, Yuehua L, Wenbin L (2017) Diffusion kurtosis as an in vivo imaging marker of early radiation-induced changes in radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Clin Neuroradiol 28(3):413–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-017-0585-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Coutu JP, Chen JJ, Rosas HD, Salat DH (2014) Non-Gaussian water diffusion in aging white matter. Neurobiol Aging 35(6):1412–1421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peters A (2002) The effects of normal aging on myelin and nerve fibers: a review. J Neurocytol 31(8–9):581–593

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trip SA, Wheeler-Kingshott C, Jones SJ, Li W-Y, Barker GJ, Thompson AJ, Plant GT, Miller DH (2006) Optic nerve diffusion tensor imaging in optic neuritis. Neuroimage 30(2):498–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.024

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Naismith RT, Xu J, Tutlam NT, Snyder A, Benzinger T, Shimony J, Shepherd J, Trinkaus K, Cross AH, Song SK (2009) Disability in optic neuritis correlates with diffusion tensor-derived directional diffusivities. Neurology 72(7):589–594. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000335766.22758.cd

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamada I, Kuroiwa T, Endo S, Miyasaka N (2003) Temporal evolution of apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 value following transient focal cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Acta Neurochir Suppl 86:147–151

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar