Traditional lore on the healing effects of therapeutic plants used by the local communities around Simien Mountains National Park, northwestern Ethiopia

Cynoglossum coeruleum Hochst. ex. A.DC. (Boraginaceae, Chegegot)

Di

H

H

Hum

D

Febrile illness

Rub fresh leaves and applied topically

W

E001

X 395839

Hum

D

Dysentery

Fingertip size of fresh roots pounded; mixed with cup of coffee and then drunk

Y 1465037

Hum

Op

Eye cellulitis

Fresh leaves pounded and applied on eye

Artemisia abyssinica Schtz. Bip. ex Rich (Asteraceae, Chikugn)

Di

Hum

N

Common cold

Fresh leaf and stem placed in nostril

W

E002

X 394434

Y 1462614

Hum

N/O

Evil eye

Fresh roots pounded combined with roots of Ferula communis and Verbasicumstelurum mix water and drunk or wrapped with a piece of cloth and dampen; then place in nose to smell

Hum

D

Febrile illness

Crushed dried leaves and stem together with Thymusschimperi Ronniger, and smeared on skin

Asparagus africanus L. (Asparagaceae, Yeset–kest)

Mo

H

Hum

D

Burnt body

Pounded the fresh leaves and applied on injured areas for 2 days

W

E003

X398797

Y 1463416

Bersama abyssinica Fresen (Melianthaceae, Azamir)

Di

T

Hum

O

Gastric enteritis (Tsidaki)

Powdered the fresh leaves and mixed with water, then taken orally for 7 days

W

E004

X 377597

Y 1458471

Buddleia polystachya Fresen. (Buddlejaceae, Anfar)

Di

T

Hum

D

Bleeding after delivery

Fresh leaves cut by knife and buried outside door on fixed stone by calling her Christ name

W

E005

X 396015

Y 1462675

Hum

To make TELLA

Fresh leaves crushed and wash the containers of “Tella” local beer

Washing cloth

Fresh leaves crushed, pounded and used as “traditional” soap

Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth (Fabaceae, Zigta)

Di

Sh

Hum

O

Hepatitis

Pounded fresh/dried leaves and seed together and mixed with water, then 1/3 of a cup is drunk and eat boiled lentil after taking medication

W

E006

X 394308

Y 1459262

Lk

D

External parasite

Fresh leaves pounded and mixed with water; then applied on affected area

Hum

Wound

Fresh leaves pounded and mixed with saliva then applied on wound

Carissa spinarum L. (Apocynaceae, Agam)

Di

Sh

Hum

N

Evil eye

Fresh/dried roots pounded together with roots of Lobelia rhynchopetalum, Thymus schimperi, Verbasicumstelurum and bulbs of Allium sativum then powdered and wrapped by piece of cloth and place in noses

W

E007

X 401941

Y 1469114

Lk

N

Mich

Dried roots pounded and heated on fire and fumigate

  

Lk

O

Rabies (for Dog itself)

Powdered fresh roots placed inside bread and given to eat

  

Clematis simensis Fresen (Ranuncualaceae, Azo hareg)

Di

Cl

Hum

D

Wart

Tied fresh leaves on wart

W/H

  

Hum

D

Swelling, Wound

Fresh leaves squeezed and applied on swelling part

 

E008

X 426235

Y 1454125

Hum

D

Ganglion cyst

Fresh leaves crushed and tied on affected part

   

Unidentified (Sibta)

Di

H

Hum

O

Hepatitis

Fresh roots pounded and one is drunk

W

E009

X 417251

Y 1467237

Brucea antidysenterica J. F. Mill (Simaroubaceae, Waginos)

Di

T

Hum

O

Rectal prolapse

Fresh roots crushed mixed with “Difdif” (beer must) and then swallowed

W

E010

X 392703

Y 1462475

Lk

D

Skin disorder of donkey

Soaking fresh/dried pounded roots within water in pot and wash the injured part

   

Lk

O

Dogs with rabies virus

Ground fresh/dried leaves finely, then mixed with milk and given to drink

   

Lk

O

Chicken’s feather loss

Fresh leaves pounded and smashed with hand and then applied on infected area like ointment

   

Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.)(Lamiaceae, Misrich)

Di

H

Hum

O

Snake bite

Fresh/dried root is pounded, mixed with water and drunk

W

E011

X 379798

Y 1460659

Hum

O

Coughing

Crushed fresh/dried roots, boiled with ginger and “abosida,”

then filtered and drunk with milk

   

Crinum abyssinicum (Amaryllidaceae, Yejib shinkuret)

Mo

H

Lk

O

To kill rat

Fresh bulbs pounded and gave it for rat to eat

W

E012

X 395554

Y 1462364

Croton macrostachyus Del. (Euphorbiaceae, Misana)

Di

T

Hum

O

Hepatitis

The fresh leaves macerated, mixed with honey and taken orally

W

E013

X 394252

Y 1459070

Hum

O

Tapeworm

Fresh barks crushed and pounded; then eaten with boiled beans

   

Lk

O

Chicken disease

Fresh leaves pounded well and mixed with water and given to drink

   

Hum

D

Tinea corporis

Fresh leaves pounded well and applied on affected part

   

Hum

O

Snake bite

Chewing fresh barks and swallowing juice

   

Hum

D

Make baby fat

Young leaves crushed, mixed with water and with other herbs and showering body

   

Salvia nilotica Vahl. (Lamiaceae, Hulegeb)

Di

H

Hum

O

Rabies

Dried root pounded, powdered and mixed with milk and taken orally

W

E014

X 379152

Y 1460758

Unidentified (–, yebere kolet)

Di

H

Hum

O

Sexual impotency

Dried roots powdered and mixed with honey; then taken orally

  

X 380233

Y 1461155

Euclea racemosa L. (Ebenaceae, Dedeho)

Di

Sh

Hum

O

Syphilis

Fresh/dried root is pounded and boiled with water then after cooling one goblets per day taken orally for 7 days

W

E015

X 402496

Y 1469130

Euphorbia abyssinica J. F. Gmel (Euphorbiaceae, Kulkual)

Di

 

Hum

D

Swelling

Applied fresh latex on swelling areas

W/H

E016

X 418304

Y 1455976

 

Lk

O

Dog with rabis virus

Fresh latex mixed with milk and 1/3 of a “finjale” (cup) is given orally

 

E017

X 418304

Y 1455976

 

Lk

D

Skin disorder of Donkey

Smeared fresh latex on horse body

    

Hum

D

Wart

Fresh latex rubbed on wart until it cures

   

Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae, Timbaho)

Di

H

Lk

N

Leech

Crushed fresh leaves, mixed with water and given nasally

W

E018

X 377809

Y 1458448

   

Lk

N

Cough

Pounded the fresh leaves, mixed with water and drench nasally

   

Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex. Benth. (Lamiaceae, Damekasie)

Di

H

Hum

O

Febrile illness

Fresh leaves crushed, poured into cup of coffee or alone, then taken orally

W/H

E019

X 380111

Y 1459682

Olea europaea sub spp.cuspidata L. (Oleaceae, woira)

Di

T

Hum

O

Abdominal pain

Dry Barks crushed, powdered and mixed with water and taken orally or fresh barks soaking in water and taken orally

W

E020

X 398407

Y 1466177

Hum

O

Toothache

Chewing and holding the very young stem by teeth

   

Stephania abyssinica (Dill. & A. Rich.) Walp (Menispermaceae, Yeayit areg/achebchabit)

Di

Cl

Hum

D

Febrile illness

Rubbed fresh leaves by hand and smeared on skin

W

E021

X 377800

Y 1458478

Hum

O

Rabies

Fingertip size of fresh roots pounded combined with leaves of Justicia schimperiana, Brucea antidysenterica and roots of Phytolacca dodecandra then taken with whey

   

Hum

O

Swelling, wound

Pounded the fresh/dried root, mixed with water and about one cup is drunk

   

Ferula communis L. (Apiaceae, Dog)

Di

H

Lk

O

Synchronizing cow

Crushed the fresh leaves, mixed with “Tella” and given orally

W

E022

X 394528

Y 1461815

Hum

O

Hepatitis

Fresh roots dig out from three different places, pounded and mixed with local beer “Tella” then taken orally

   

Hum

O

Sexual impotency

Crushed fresh root and mixed with water; then” showered for 3 days

    

Hum

D

Headache

Ashes of shoots mixed with butter and applied on head

    

Hum

D

Circumcision

Dried stems heated with fire then pounded, mixed with butter and creamed circumcised penis

    

Hum

O

Rabies

Fresh roots rubbed with roots of Rumex nepalensis, then squeezed fluid into cup having latexes of Euphorbia ampliphylla, mixed with milk and then drunk half of a cup

    

Hum

O

Initiating cow ready to mate

Crushed fresh roots, mixed with salt and then fed to cow

    

Lk

O

Mich

Fresh roots crushed, pounded and mixed with water; then given orally

   

Brassica carinata A. Br. (Brassicaceae, Gomen zer)

Di

H

Hum

O

Abortion

Fresh roots pounded and mixed with water; then drunk

H

E023

 

Clutia abyssinica Jaub. and Spach. (Euphorbiaceae, Fiyelefej)

Di

H

Hum

O

Make someone to have illness

Fresh roots crushed, pounded then mixed with food and eaten

W

E024

X 383785

Y 1456730

Hum

D

Wound

Dried roots powdered and applied on wound and wrap it with piece of cloth

   

Hum

O

Rabies

Powdered fresh/dried roots then taken orally

   

Hum

D

Dandruff

Fresh fruits pounded and applied on affected part

   

Lk

D

Cattle lice

Fresh leaves crushed, pounded and mixed with a little water then applied on skin

   

Hum

D

Tinea corporis

Fresh fruits pounded and applied on affected part

   

Malva verticillata L. (Malvaceae, Yekebit lut/yesewlut)

Di

H

Hum

D

Bleeding, wound

Rubbed the fresh leaves and applied on topically

W

E025

X 429205

Y 1453958

Lk

O

Weaken baby

Fresh stems pounded together with Rumex nepalensis and mixed with trigonella foenum, then given orally

   

Unidentified (–, Dinbo)

Di

H

Hum

D

“Diro”

Crushed the fresh/dried roots together with leaves and smear on body

W

E026

X 432469

Y 1457375

Hum

D

Circumcision

Rubbed the fresh leaves and tied on tips of circumcised penis

   

Lk

D

Atopic Dermatitis

Fresh leaves pounded and creamed on skin

   

Hum

D

Bleeding

Crushed the fresh leaves and then tied on affected part

   

Lk

O

Retained placenta

Soaking multiple fresh roots in water, adding a few salt and given orally

   

Hum

O

Cough

Roots crushed, pounded, mixed with water and taken orally

   

Ficus palmata Forssk. (Moraceae, Beles/Qotilebele-s)

Di

T

Hum

D

Wound, bleeding

Fresh leaves pounded well and then applied on affected areas

W/H

E027

X 398434

Y 1465491

Hum

D

Wart

The fresh latex is applied on wart

   

Ficus sur Forssk. (Moraceae, Sholla)

Di

T

Hum

O

Ascariasis

Powdered the dried roots mixed with powdered roots of Croton macrostachyusand Otostegia integrifolia and mixed with honey and then taken orally

W

E028

X 392141

Y 1461833

Carduus macracanthus Sch.Bip. ex Kazmi (Asteraceae, Kosheshelie)

Di

H

  

To get more butter

Fresh roots tied together with roots of Rumex nervosus Vahl and Solanum marginatum, then inserted into a pot containing milk or tie on neck of pot

W

E029

X 417706

Y 1470814

Lk

N

Mich

Fresh/dried roots pounded combined with Rumex nepalensis, Verbasicumstelurum, Carduus schimperi, Steganotaenia araliacea and Hagenia abyssinica; then mixed with water and drench nasally

     

To stop raining snow

Fresh roots chopped, combined with roots of Solanum marginatum,Verbasicumstelurum Murb, Lobelia rhynchopetalum, Rumex nepalensis and Ferula communis and then saying magical words on them for 7 days and tied on top of tree of village

   

Polygala abyssinica Fresen (Polygalaceae, Yebabmedahnit)

Di

Sh

Hum

O

Snake bite

Fresh roots crushed and chewd

W

E030

X 398297

Y 1467214

Phytolacca dodecandra L 'Herit. (Phytolaccaceae, Endod)

Di

Cl

Hum

O

Abortion

Fresh root is crushed, pounded and mixed with water and taken orally

H

E031

X 377935

Y 1458357

Hum

O

Body swelling

Fingertip size root crushed, pounded and drunk

   

Hum

O

Hepatitis

Fingertip size of fresh/dried root squashed mixed with water, then ¼ of cup drunk

   

Cl

Hum

O

Rabies

Crushed fresh/dried roots, pounded and mixed with water then drunk

Or roots pounded together with roots of Euphorbia ampliphylla; then backed with Teff and eaten

   

Hum

O

Gastric enteritis

Pounded the fresh roots, mixed with water and then taken orally

   

Hum

O

Malaria

Squeezed the fresh leaves then 1/3 cup of juices taken orally

   

Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. (Polygonaceae, Mekikeko)

Di

H

Hum

O

Abdominal pain

Pounded the dried fruits, boiled and taken as tea

W

E032

X 414922

Y 1456505

Hum

O

Cough

Boiled fresh/dried roots then taken as tea

   

Hum

D

Skin fissure

Rubbed the fresh leaves and applied on leg

   

Lk

O

Cattle abdominal distension

Crushed fresh/dried root and mixed with water; then one litter is given to drink Or boil the crushed roots and stay away until it cools down; given orally

   

Hum

O

Hepatitis

Crushed the fresh/dried roots, boiled and then taken orally

   

Hum

O

Malaria

Ground the fresh leaves, mixed with broth of meat and taken orally

   

Lk

O

Retained placenta

Crushed the fresh roots and leaves, pounded mixed with soap and given orally

   

Rumex nervosus Vahl. (Polygonaceae, Embacho)

Di

H

Hum

D

Psychiatric problem

Crushed the fresh roots, mixed with water then showering all bod parts

W

E033

X 413890

Y 1455273

Hum

O

Abdominal pain

Young leaves crushed and hold it with teeth

   

Lk

N

Nasal discharge in sheep

Rubbed the fresh leaves and placed the fluids into nostril

   

Hum

 

To break black magic

Dried stems put on burning fire and fumigated the room when all family members are available

   

Hum

O

Intestinal parasite

Chewed the young leaves and then swallowing juices

   

Hum

D

Cleaning dead body

Cut fresh leaves and washed dead person within water

   

Hum

D/O

Hepatitis

Young leaves squeezed and applied on skin; then soldering it by warmed needle Or young leaves boiled and taken orally

   

Hum

D

Circumcision

Heated dried shoots with fire, pounded it then applied on penis

     

Keep house from wind

Crushed roots of Kalanchoe petitiana and Aloe steudneri, tied together, then rounding the house three times then put on ceiling

   

Lk

N

Cough

Crushed the fresh roots, mixed with goat milk and nasally

   

Hum

Op

Bleeding during birth

Pounded the dried roots with roots of Verbasicumstelurum, Ferula communis, Stephania abyssinica and Otostegia integrifolia; then soaked in water and spray to woman eye

   

Lk

N

MICH

Powdered the fresh roots put on fire and fumigate

   

Hum

D

Eczema

Roasted the leaves, powdered and mixed with butter then applied on the affected part

   

Lk

Op

Impaired eye

Squeezed the fresh young leaves, then applied on impaired eye

   

Hum

D

Burnt body

Heated the dried stem with fire, then powdered and applied on burnt area

   

Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Dill. & A. Rich (Ranunculaceae, Sire bizu)

Di

H

Hum

O

Gastric enteritis

Crushed the fresh roots with Bersama abyssinica, Verbasicumstelurum, powdered it, then taken orally

W

E034

X 379807

Y 1460671

Lk

O

Abdominal distension in cattle

Powdered the fresh/dried roots and mixed with water and given orally

   

Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F.Gmel. (Rhamnaceae, Kosso)

Di

T

Hum

O

Tape worm

Pounded the fresh/dried fruits, mixed with water then drunk

W/H

E035

X 395821

Y 1462918

Lk

O

Abdominal distension in cattle

Pounded the dried fruits, mixed with water and given orally

   

Lk

D

Broken leg

Tied the fresh leaves on the broken leg with aid leaves

   

Rosa abyssinica Lindley (Rosaceae, Kega)

Di

Sh

Hum

O

Ascariasis

Ate fresh fruits before meal

W

E036

X 396272

Y 1463133

Hum

O

Gastritis

Ate the fresh fruits

   

Osyris quadripartita Decn. (Santalaceae, Keret)

Di

Sh

  

Evil spirits

Laid fresh leaves around fence

W

Eo37

X 396885

Y 1462679

  

Make milk good taste

Fresh leaves heated on fire and fumigated milk containers

   

Helichrysum citrispinum (Asteraceae, Yewalya eshoh)

Di

H

Lk

O

MICH

Crushed the fresh/dried roots and taken orally

W

E038

X 414431

Y 1464693

Dodonea angustifolia L.f. (Sapindaceae, Kitkita)

Di

Sh

Lk

O

Fattening cattle

Leafs dried, pounded and mixed with Eleusine coracana (“Dagussa”) within water and taken orally

W

E039

X 395558

Y 1462422

Hum

D

Burnt body

Roasted the dried leaves, pounded then applied on burnt part

   

Hum

O

Gastric enteritis

Chewed three to four seeds by teeth and swallowed

   

Hum

O/N

COVID-19

Burn the dried stem with fire and fumigated

   

Hum

O

Malaria

Pounded the fresh fruits, mixed with honey, then swallowed

   

Hum

D

Wart

Fresh roots crushed, pounded and applied on wart; then soldering wart by heated stick of Rumex nervosus

   

Helichrysum horridum (Asteraceae, Tifergina)

Di

H

Lk

Op

Impaired eye

Fresh roots pounded combined with leaves of Inulaconfertiflora, mixed with butter then dropped into cattle eye

W

E040

X 415013

Y 1465330

Hum

D

Childs bedwetting

Peel the fresh bark and tied on child’s waist

   

Hum

O

Uterine myoma

Pounded dried roots with seeds of Lobelia rhynchopetalum and Sesamum indicum, then eaten

   

Hum

N/D

Psychiatric problem/tselay tsenay

Crushed the fresh roots, pounded with Lobelia rhynchopetalum, Verbasicumstelurum, Ferula communis, Ruta chalepensis and Allium sativum, then wrapped with cloth and smell or tied on neck

   

Withania somnifera (L.) (Solanaceae, Gizewa)

Di

Sh

Hum

D

Malaria

Pounded fresh/dried roots and mixed with butter then applied topically

W

E041

 

Hum

O

Sexual Impotency

Pounded fresh/dried roots with roots of Lobelia rhynchopetalum, Rumex nepalensis, Ferula communis, Clutia abyssinica, Thalictrum rhynchocarpum and Habenaria petitianaa then Drunk with barley TELLA

   

Achyranthes aspera Lam. (Amaranthaceae, Telenj)

Di

H

Hum

D

Tinea Unguniunm

Crushed fresh leaves then applied or rubbed on affected part

W

E042

X 393916

Y 1462249

 

Hum

D

Bleeding during give birth

Powdered fresh/dried roots, wrapped by piece of cloth, then tied on waist by cotton thread

   

H

Hum

Ug

Bleeding during birth

Pounded fresh roots finely with roots of Verbasicumstelurum and then put it on female vagina

   

Lk

O

Impaired eye

Fresh leaves pounded, mixed with urine and then inserted to impaired eye

   

Hum

D

Wound, bleeding

Squeezed fresh leaves and dropped on bleeding and tied the pounded leaves on affected part

   

Hum

D

Burnt body

Fresh leaves crushed, pounded and applied on affected part

   

Hum

D

Tinea corporis

Fresh leaves are pounded and tied on affected area

   

Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae, Nech shinkuret)

Mo

H

Hum

O

Coughing

Crushed the dried leaves, mixed with honey and One table spoon taken orally for 7 days

H

E043

X 392487

Y 1460525

Hum

O

Toothache

Held the fresh/dried leaves by teeth

   

Hum

D

Evil eye

Fresh/dried bulbs pounded together with Ruta chalepensis and tied on neck

   

Aloe steudneri (Schweinf Aloaceae, Ret)

Mo

H

Lk

O

Fattening cattle and sheep

The stem is cut into parts, mixed with salt and eaten

W

E044

X 420764

Y 1473448

Lk

D

To get hair black

Fresh inner gel species applied on hair after washing

   

Hum

D

Bleeding, wound

Fresh inner gel of species removed and tied on affected part

   

Hum

O

Snake bite

Fresh latex of species squeezed and then eaten

   

Catha edulis Forsk (Celastraceae, Chat)

Di

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