C.-H.W.W. has clinical trials with Moderna Tx and is in the executive committee of the Harrington Scholar-Innovator award programme. D.B. has Fortec litho stock. M.B. has clinical trials with NovoNordisk, is a scientific advisor with NovoNordisk, has an ongoing post-marketing study with Alynylam, is a scientific advisor with Alnylam and is a medical advisor with Cantero (previously Orfan) and Chinook. F.H. has a University of Michigan patent, a patent of NPHP4 planned and is part of the Brigham & Women’s Hospital Boards course. The other authors declare no competing interests.