Tornambe PE (2003) Macular hole genesis: the hydration theory. Retina 23:421–424. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006982-200306000-00028

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gandorfer A, Scheler R, Haritoglou C, Schumann R, Nentwich M, Kampik A (2009) Pathology of the macular hole rim in flat-mounted internal limiting membrane specimens. Retina 29:1097–1105. https://doi.org/10.1097/iae.0b013e3181aa8fb1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bainbridge J, Herbert E, Gregor Z (2008) Macular holes: vitreoretinal relationships and surgical approaches. Eye (Lond) 22:1301–1309. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2008.23

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Green WR (2006) The macular hole: histopathologic studies. Arch Ophthalmol 124:317–321. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.124.3.317

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chandra A, Charteris DG, Yorston D (2011) Posturing after macular hole surgery: a review. Ophthalmologica 226(Suppl 1):3–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000328204

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Foster WJ, Chou T (2004) Physical mechanisms of gas and perfluoron retinopexy and sub-retinal fluid displacement. Phys Med Biol 49:2989–2997. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/49/13/015

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

American Academy of Ophthalmology Kim SJ (2023) 2022–2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 12: Retina and Vitreous. American Academy of Ophthalmology

Sutter FK, Smorgon A, McClellan K (2003) Acute angle closure in the fellow eye as a complication of prone positioning after vitreoretinal surgery. Arch Ophthalmol 121:1057. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.121.7.1057-a

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Treister G, Wygnanski T (1996) Pressure sore in a patient who underwent repair of a retinal tear with gas injection. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 234:657–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00185301

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tornambe PE, Poliner LS, Grote K (1997) Macular hole surgery without face-down positioning. A pilot study Retina 17:179–185. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006982-199705000-00001

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jumper JM, Gallemore RP, McCuen BW 2nd, Toth CA (2000) Features of macular hole closure in the early postoperative period using optical coherence tomography. Retina 20:232–237

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Muqit MM, Akram I, Turner GS, Stanga PE (2010) Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography imaging of gas tamponade following macular hole surgery. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Eye. https://doi.org/10.3928/15428877-20101124-16

Article  Google Scholar 

Rosa RH Jr, Glaser BM, de la Cruz Z, Green WR (1996) Clinicopathologic correlation of an untreated macular hole and a macular hole treated by vitrectomy, transforming growth factor-beta 2, and gas tamponade. Am J Ophthalmol 122:853–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)70382-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hara S, Sakuraba T, Nakazawa M (2000) Morphological changes of retinal pigment epithelial and glial cells at the site of experimental retinal holes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 238:690–695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004170000168

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Simcock PR, Scalia S (2001) Phacovitrectomy without prone posture for full thickness macular holes. Br J Ophthalmol 85:1316–1319. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.85.11.1316

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tranos PG, Peter NM, Nath R, Singh M, Dimitrakos S, Charteris D, Kon C (2007) Macular hole surgery without prone positioning. Eye 21:802–806. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6702339

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pasu S, Bell L, Zenasni Z, Lanz D, Simmonds IA, Thompson A, Yorston D, Laidlaw DAH, Bunce C, Hooper R, Bainbridge JWB (2020) Facedown positioning following surgery for large full-thickness macular hole: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. JAMA ophthalmol 138:725–730. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0987

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guillaubey A, Malvitte L, Lafontaine PO, Jay N, Hubert I, Bron A, Berrod JP, Creuzot-Garcher C (2008) Comparison of face-down and seated position after idiopathic macular hole surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Ophthalmol 146:128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2008.02.029

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tadayoni R, Vicaut E, Devin F, Creuzot-Garcher C, Berrod JP, Le Mer Y, Korobelnik JF, Aout M, Massin P, Gaudric A (2011) A randomized controlled trial of alleviated positioning after small macular hole surgery. Ophthalmology 118:150–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.04.040

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krohn J (2005) Duration of face-down positioning after macular hole surgery: a comparison between 1 week and 3 days. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 83:289–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00462.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lindtjørn B, Krohn J, Austeng D, Fossen K, Varhaug P, Basit S, Helgesen OH, Eide GE, Forsaa VA (2019) Nonsupine positioning after macular hole surgery: a prospective multicenter study. Ophthalmol Retina 3:388–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2018.12.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alberti M, la Cour M (2016) Nonsupine positioning in macular hole surgery: a noninferiority randomized clinical trial. Retina 36:2072–2079. https://doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000001041

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Chen X, Hong L, Yan Y, Zeng M, Huang Z, Liu R, Ding Q (2019) Facedown positioning after vitrectomy will not facilitate macular hole closure based on swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging in gas-filled eyes: a prospective, randomized comparative interventional study. Retina 39:2353–2359. https://doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000002325

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elborgy ES, Starr MR, Kotowski JG, Chehade JEA, Iezzi R (2020) No face-down positioning surgery for the repair of chronic idiopathic macular holes. Retina 40:282–289. https://doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000002396

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eckardt C, Eckert T, Eckardt U, Porkert U, Gesser C (2008) Macular hole surgery with air tamponade and optical coherence tomography-based duration of face-down positioning. Retina 28:1087–1096. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e318185fb5f

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masuyama K, Yamakiri K, Arimura N, Sonoda Y, Doi N, Sakamoto T (2009) Posturing time after macular hole surgery modified by optical coherence tomography images: a pilot study. Am J Ophthalmol 147(481–488):e482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2008.09.028

Article  Google Scholar 

Yamashita T, Sakamoto T, Yamashita T, Sonoda S, Yamakiri K, Otsuka H, Hisatomi T, Imaki H, Ishibashi T, Dugel PU (2014) Individualized, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography-guided facedown posturing after macular hole surgery: minimizing treatment burden and maximizing outcome. Retina 34:1367–1375. https://doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000000087

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah SP, Manjunath V, Rogers AH, Baumal CR, Reichel E, Duker JS (2013) Optical coherence tomography-guided facedown positioning for macular hole surgery. Retina 33:356–362. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e318263d0e8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kikushima W, Imai A, Toriyama Y, Hirano T, Murata T, Ishibashi T (2015) Dynamics of macular hole closure in gas-filled eyes within 24 h of surgery observed with swept source optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmic Res 53:48–54. https://doi.org/10.1159/000368437

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar