UN peacekeeper health and risk factors --- a systematic scoping review

United Nations Peacekeeping. What is Peacekeeping 2023. Available from: https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/what-we-do. Accessed 22 Feb 2023.

He Y. Reflection on security risks and countermeasures in United Nations peacekeeping missions. World Econ Polit. 2018;5:60–82.

Google Scholar 

Department of Defense Office of Peacekeeping Affairs. New situation, new challenge, new development. J PLA Inst Int Relat. 2017;112(6):3–8.

Google Scholar 

United Nations Peacekeeping. UNMISS FACT SHEET 2023. Available from: https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/unmiss. Accessed 2 Mar 2023.

Ying L, Zhou LX, Shenglan T. Health maintenance of peacekeeping troops from the perspective of global health. Chin J Prev Med. 2015;3:4.

Google Scholar 

Shenjun Z, Pengpeng Z, Weiguo Y. The practice and experience of malaria prevention in the sixth batch of peacekeeping medical units of Jinan military region to Sudan. J Pract Med. 2011;28(6):541. https://doi.org/10.14172/j.cnki.issn1671-4008.2011.06.066.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tabari P, Amini M, Khoshnood K, Arya N. Multi-dimensional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic considering the WHO’s ecological approach. Glob Public Health. 2021;16:136–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1839934.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

United Nations Security Council. Resolution 1308 (2000). Available from: http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/1308. Accessed 29 May 2023.

United Nations Security Council. Resolution 2668 (2022). Available from: http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/2668. Accessed 29 May 2023.

The United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support. Core pre-deployment training materials for United Nations peacekeeping operations 2017. Available from: https://research.un.org/revisedcptm2017. Accessed 25 Mar 2022.

Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–73. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ward W. Psychiatric morbidity in Australian veterans of the United Nations peacekeeping force in Somalia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1997;31(2):184–93. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048679709073819.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mehlum L. Alcohol and stress in Norwegian United Nations peacekeepers. Mil Med. 1999;164(10):720–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bramsen I, Dirkzwager AJ, van der Ploeg HM. Predeployment personality traits and exposure to trauma as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms: a prospective study of former peacekeepers. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(7):1115–9. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1115.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bramsen I, Dirkzwager AJ, van Esch SC, van der Ploeg HM. Consistency of self-reports of traumatic events in a population of Dutch peacekeepers: reason for optimism? J Trauma Stress. 2001;14(4):733–40. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013090005246.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mehlum L, Weisaeth L. Predictors of posttraumatic stress reactions in Norwegian U.N. Peacekeepers 7 years after service. J Trauma Stress. 2002;15(1):17–26. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014375026332.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asmundson GJ, Wright KD, McCreary DR, Pedlar D. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in United Nations peacekeepers: an examination of factor structure in peacekeepers with and without chronic pain. Cogn Behav Ther. 2003;32(1):26–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070310003648.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hotopf M, David A, Hull L, Ismail K, Unwin C, Wessely S. The health effects of peacekeeping (Bosnia, 1992–1996): a cross-sectional study--comparison with nondeployed military personnel. Mil Med. 2003;168(5):408–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Forbes D, Bennett N, Biddle D, Crompton D, McHugh T, Elliott P, et al. Clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of peacekeeper veterans with PTSD: preliminary findings. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(11):2188–90. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.2188.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bolton EE, Gray MJ, Litz BT. A cross-lagged analysis of the relationship between symptoms of PTSD and retrospective reports of exposure. J Anxiety Disord. 2006;20(7):877–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.01.009.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Litz BT, Orsillo SM, Friedman M, Ehlich P, Batres A. Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with peacekeeping duty in Somalia for US military personnel. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154(2):178–84. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.2.178.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Greenberg N, Iversen A, Hull L, Bland D, Wessely S. Getting a peace of the action: measures of post traumatic stress in UK military peacekeepers. J R Soc Med. 2008;101(2):78–84. https://doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.2007.070024.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Souza WF, Figueira I, Mendlowicz MV, Volchan E, Mendonça-de-Souza AC, Duarte AF, et al. Negative affect predicts posttraumatic stress symptoms in Brazilian volunteer United Nations peacekeepers in Haiti. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2008;196(11):852–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e31818b4682.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thoresen S, Mehlum L. Traumatic stress and suicidal ideation in Norwegian male peacekeepers. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2008;196(11):814–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e31818b6a92.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Richardson JD, Long ME, Pedlar D, Elhai JD. Posttraumatic stress disorder and health-related quality of life among a sample of treatment- and pension-seeking deployed Canadian forces peacekeeping veterans. Can J Psychiatr. 2008;53(9):594–600. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370805300906.

Article  Google Scholar 

Richardson JD, Pekevski J, Elhai JD. Post-traumatic stress disorder and health problems among medically ill Canadian peacekeeping veterans. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2009;43(4):366–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670902721061.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rademaker AR, Kleber RJ, Meijer ME, Vermetten E. Investigating the MMPI-2 trauma profile in treatment-seeking peacekeepers. J Pers Assess. 2009;91(6):593–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890903230899.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maguen S, Stalnaker M, McCaslin S, et al. PTSD subclusters and functional impairment in Kosovo peacekeepers. Mil Med. 2009;174(8):779–85. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-03-2808.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Connorton E, Perry MJ, Hemenway D, Miller M. Occupational trauma and mental illness--combat, peacekeeping, or relief work and the national co-morbidity survey replication. J Occup Environ Med. 2011;53(12):1360–3. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318234e2ec.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fernando A, Hull L, Greenberg N, Fear NT, Hotopf M, Wessely S. “warriors”: impact of a powerful television drama on the psychological health of U.K. Bosnia peacekeepers. Ann Epidemiol. 2011;21(9):660–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Engdahl RM, Elhai JD, Richardson JD, Frueh BC. Comparing posttraumatic stress disorder’s symptom structure between deployed and nondeployed veterans. Psychol Assess. 2011;23(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020045.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Richardson JD, St Cyr KC, McIntyre-Smith AM, Haslam D, Elhai JD, Sareen J. Examining the association between psychiatric illness and suicidal ideation in a sample of treatment-seeking Canadian peacekeeping and combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD. Can J Psychiatr. 2012;57(8):496–504. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371205700808.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sikharulidze G, Oniani T, Gugushvili N. Predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in military personnel deployed to peacekeeping missions. Georgian Med News. 2016;41(253):89–94.

Google Scholar 

Dixit S, Chauhan VS, Bhattacharyya D. Are Indian peacekeepers on path to mental peace? J Clin Diagn Res. 2018;12(12):1–5. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2018/37099.12320.

Article  Google Scholar 

Elrond A, Stoltenberg C, Nissen L, Nielsen A, Pedersen J. Labor market affiliation after deployment: Danish soldiers fare well, but face increased risk of long-term sickness absence when returning from Afghanistan. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2019;45(3):289–97. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3773.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gjerstad CL, Bøe HJ, Falkum E, Nordstrand AE, Tønnesen A, Reichelt JG, et al. Caring for coronavirus healthcare workers: lessons learned from Long-term monitoring of military peacekeepers. Front Psychol. 2020;19(11):566199. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566199.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ballone E, Valentino M, Occhiolini L, Di Mascio C, Cannone D, Schioppa FS. Factors influencing psychological stress levels of Italian peacekeepers in Bosnia. Mil Med. 2000;165(12):911–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thomas S, Dandeker C, Greenberg N, Kelly V, Wessely S. Serving in Bosnia made me appreciate living in Bristol: stressful experiences, attitudes, and psychological needs of members of the United Kingdom armed forces. Mil Med. 2006;171(5):376–80. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed.171.5.376.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nikolova R, Aleksiev L, Vukov M. Psychophysiological assessment of stress and screening of health risk in peacekeeping operations. Mil Med. 2007;172(1):44–8. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed.172.1.44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Adler AB, Litz BT, Castro CA, Suvak M, Thomas JL, Burrell L, et al. A group randomized trial of critical incident stress debriefing provided to U.S. peacekeepers. J Trauma Stress. 2008;21(3):253–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20342.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Britt TW, Adler AB, Bartone PT. Deriving benefits from stressful events: the role of engagement in meaningful work and hardiness. J Occup Health Psychol. 2001;6(1):53–63. https://doi.org/10.1037//1076-8998.6.1.53.

Article  CAS 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif