Yanlong Zhang and Aqin Peng have contributed equally to this study.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People’s Republic of China

Xiaochen Tian, Shibo Liu, Wenfang Zhai, Junchuan Liu, Qing Lu, Yong Wang & Aqin Peng

Department of Bone Infection & Deformity Correction Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, People’s Republic of China

Yanlong Zhang

Xiaochen Tian: conceptualization, methodology, visualization, formal analysis, writing-original draft, writing—review and editing.

Yanlong Zhang: conceptualization, methodology, visualization, formal analysis, funding acquisition, writing (original draft), writing—review and editing.

Shibo Liu: resources, supervision, formal analysis, writing—review and editing.

Wenfang Zhai: resources, data curation, investigation.

Junchuan Liu: data curation, formal analysis, investigation, software, validation, writing—review and editing.

Qing Lu: resources, data curation.

Yong Wang: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—original draft.

Aqin Peng: conceptualization, methodology, resources, visualization, formal analysis, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.

Correspondence to Yanlong Zhang or Aqin Peng.