Wendel D, Cole CR, Cohran VC (2021) Approach to intestinal failure in children. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 23:8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Norsa L, Nicastro E, Di Giorgio A et al (2018) Prevention and treatment of intestinal failure-associated liver disease in children. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060664

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Modi BP, Galloway DP, Gura K et al (2022) ASPEN definitions in pediatric intestinal failure. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 46:42–59

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kelly DA (2006) Intestinal failure-associated liver disease: what do we know today? Gastroenterology 130:S70–S77

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Intralipid [package insert]. Uppsala, Sweden: Fresenius Kabi; 2015. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/020248s020lbl.pdf. Accessed 14 Apr 2023

Anez-Bustillos L, Dao DT, Baker MA et al (2016) Intravenous fat emulsion formulations for the adult and pediatric patient: understanding the differences. Nutr Clin Pract 31:596–609

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cober MP, Killu G, Brattain A et al (2012) Intravenous fat emulsions reduction for patients with parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. J Pediatr 160:421–427

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

SMOFlipid [package insert]. Uppsala, Sweden: Fresenius Kabi; 2016. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/207648s005lbl.pdf. Accessed 14 Apr 2023

Raghu VK, Sevilla WMA, King DE et al (2022) Current practices in lipid emulsion utilization in the prevention and treatment of intestinal failure-associated liver disease: a survey of pediatric intestinal rehabilitation and transplant centers. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 46:1585–1592

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fenton TR, Kim JH (2013) A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr 13:59

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

(2022) Growth Charts—WHO Child growth standards. https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/who_charts.htm#The%20WHO%20Growth%20Charts. Accessed 14 Apr 2023

Goulet O, Antébi H, Wolf C et al (2010) A new intravenous fat emulsion containing soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil: a single-center, double-blind randomized study on efficacy and safety in pediatric patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 34:485–495

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Muhammed R, Bremner R, Protheroe S et al (2012) Resolution of parenteral nutrition-associated jaundice on changing from a soybean oil emulsion to a complex mixed-lipid emulsion. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 54:797–802

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diamond IR, Grant RC, Pencharz PB et al (2017) Preventing the progression of intestinal failure-associated liver disease in infants using a composite lipid emulsion: a pilot randomized controlled trial of SMOFlipid. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 41:866–877

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belza C, Wales JC, Courtney-Martin G et al (2020) An Observational study of smoflipid vs intralipid on the evolution of intestinal failure-associated liver disease in infants with intestinal failure. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 44:688–696

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Navaratnarajah N, Girard G, Sant’Anna G, et al (2022) The impact of a lipid injectable emulsion (SMOF) on conjugated bilirubin levels in children receiving prolonged parenteral nutrition: a large single center experience. Clin Nutr ESPEN 49:289–294

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Casson C, Nguyen V, Nayak P et al (2020) A Comparison of smoflipid® and intralipid® in the early management of infants with intestinal failure. J Pediatr Surg 55:153–157

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kulpins D, Pickney C, Garb M et al (2023) Neonatal intensive care unit mixed lipid emulsion use associated with reduced cholestasis at discharge in surgical patients. J Surg Res 287:1–7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hudson AS, Tyminski N, Turner JM, Silverman JA (2023) Intestinal failure-associated liver disease and growth pre- and post-transition to a composite lipid emulsion. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 76:830–836

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wassef J, Lipkin E, Hardigan P, Duro D (2022) Trends in liver profile and nutrition outcomes in children undergoing intestinal rehabilitation using a mixed lipid injectable emulsion. Nutr Clin Pract 37:1180–1189

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu LJ, Anez-Bustillos L, Mitchell PD et al (2023) Incidence and development of cholestasis in surgical neonates receiving an intravenous mixed-oil lipid emulsion. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 47:30–40

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lam CKL, Church PC, Haliburton B et al (2018) Long-term exposure of children to a mixed lipid emulsion is less hepatotoxic than soybean-based lipid emulsion. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 66:501–504

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanchez SE, Braun LP, Mercer LD et al (2013) The effect of lipid restriction on the prevention of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in surgical infants. J Pediatr Surg 48:573–578

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rollins MD, Ward RM, Jackson WD et al (2013) Effect of decreased parenteral soybean lipid emulsion on hepatic function in infants at risk for parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease: a pilot study. J Pediatr Surg 48:1348–1356

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nehra D, Fallon EM, Carlson SJ et al (2013) Provision of a soy-based intravenous lipid emulsion at 1 g/kg/d does not prevent cholestasis in neonates. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 37:498–505

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levit OL, Calkins KL, Gibson LC et al (2016) Low-dose intravenous soybean oil emulsion for prevention of cholestasis in preterm neonates. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 40:374–382

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Memon N, Hussein K, Hegyi T et al (2019) Essential fatty acid deficiency with SMOFlipid reduction in an infant with intestinal failure-associated liver disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 43:438–441

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carey AN, Rudie C, Mitchell PD et al (2019) Essential fatty acid status in surgical infants receiving parenteral nutrition with a composite lipid emulsion: a case series. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 43:305–310

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar