*Division of General Surgery, Section of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

†Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

‡Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN

§Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN

∥Department of Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO

¶Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

#Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

This work was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease of the National Institutes of Health under award number K23DK118192.

The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

alex.hawkins at vumc.org.

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