aDepartment of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

bThe Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA

cDepartment of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan

dDepartment of Neurological Surgery

eDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA

Received 31 January 2024 Accepted 17 February 2024.

*Mr. Kento Nakashoji and Dr. Atsushi Sasaki contributed equally to the writing of this article.

Correspondence to Matija Milosevic, PhD, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA Tel: +1 305 243 3572; fax: +1 305 243 3913; e-mail: [email protected]