1Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation “Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo”

2Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy

3Division of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

4Hematology Department, Hospital de Clinicas, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay

5Biostatistics and Clinical Trial Center, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy

6Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy

7Department of Oncology and Hematology, Klinikum Oldenburg, University medicine Oldenburg, Germany

8Hematology Unit, Ospedale Garibaldi, Catania

9Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy

10Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I; Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

11Institute of Cardiology, Maggiore Hospital, Crema.

aCorresponding authors: Giovanni Palladini, M.D., Ph.D. Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Viale Golgi, 19 – 27100 Pavia, Italy e-mail: [email protected] Stefan O. Schönland, M.D., Ph.D. Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 – 69120 Heidelberg email: [email protected]