https://www.who.int/health-topics/neglected-tropical-diseases. Accessed 1 Aug 2023

Lustigman S, Prichard RK, Gazzinelli A, Grant WN, Boatin BA, McCarthy JS, Basáñez MG (2012) A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: the problem of helminthiases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(4):e1582. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001582

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

G/hiwot Y, Degarege A, Erko B (2014) Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among children under five years of age with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni in Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia. PLoS One 9(10):e109793. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109793

Colebunders R, Kaiser C, Basáñez MG, Olliaro P, Lakwo T, SieweFodjo JN (2022) Reducing onchocerciasis-associated morbidity in onchocerciasis-endemic foci with high ongoing transmission: a focus on the children. Int J Infect Dis 116:302–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.01.042

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Donohue RE, Cross ZK, Michael E (2019) The extent, nature, and pathogenic consequences of helminth polyparasitism in humans: A meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13(6):e0007455. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007455

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

WHO (2017) Guideline: preventive chemotherapy to control soil-transmitted helminth infections in at-risk population groups. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550116

WHO (2016) Schistosomiasis. https://www.who.int/health-topics/schistosomiasis#tab=tab_1. Accessed 1 Aug 2023

Local Burden of Disease 2019 Neglected Tropical Diseases Collaborators (2020) The global distribution of lymphatic filariasis, 2000–18: a geospatial analysis. Lancet Glob Health 8(9):e1186-e1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30286-2. Erratum in: Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Oct;9(10):e1371

Hotez PJ, Alvarado M, Basáñez MG, Bolliger I, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brooker SJ, Brown AS, Buckle G, Budke CM, Carabin H, Coffeng LE, Fèvre EM, Fürst T, Halasa YA, Jasrasaria R, Johns NE, Keiser J, King CH, Lozano R, Murdoch ME, O’Hanlon S, Pion SD, Pullan RL, Ramaiah KD, Roberts T, Shepard DS, Smith JL, Stolk WA, Undurraga EA, Utzinger J, Wang M, Murray CJ, Naghavi M (2014) The global burden of disease study 2010: interpretation and implications for the neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(7):e2865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002865

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

da Silva LBT, Crainey JL, da Silva TRR, Suwa UF, Vicente AC, de Medeiros JF, Pessoa FA, Luz SL (2017) Molecular verification of New World Mansonella perstans parasitemias. Emerg Infect Dis 23(3):545–547. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2303.161159

Article  Google Scholar 

Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, Hotez PJ (2006) Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Lancet 367(9521):1521–1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68653-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asundi A, Beliavsky A, Liu XJ, Akaberi A, Schwarzer G, Bisoffi Z, Requena-Méndez A, Shrier I, Greenaway C (2019) Prevalence of strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis among migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 7(2):e236–e248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30490-X

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carranza-Rodríguez C, Escamilla-González M, Fuentes-Corripio I, Perteguer-Prieto MJ, Gárate-Ormaechea T, Pérez-Arellano JL (2018) Helminthosis and eosinophilia in Spain (1990–2015). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 36(2):120–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2015.11.019. (English, Spanish)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leganés city council (2022) Consulted in October 2022. https://www.leganes.org/

Fuenlabrada city council (2022) Consulted in October 2022. https://www.ayto-fuenlabrada.es/

Saugar JM, Merino FJ, Martín-Rabadán P, Fernández-Soto P, Ortega S, Gárate T, Rodríguez E (2015) Application of real-time PCR for the detection of Strongyloides spp. in clinical samples in a reference center in Spain. Acta Trop 142:20–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.10.020

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hotez PJ, Bundy DAP, Beegle K et al (2006) Helminth infections: soil-transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR et al (eds) Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd edn. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; Chapter 24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11748/

Jarabo MT, García-Morán NP, García-Morán JI (1995) Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en una población escolar. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 13:464–468

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

IgualAdell R, DomínguezMárquez V (2007) Estrongiloidiasis: epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas y diagnóstico. Experiencia en una zona endémica: la comarca de La Safor (Valencia). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 25(Supl 3):38–44

Article  Google Scholar 

Ramírez-Olivencia G, Espinosa MÁ, Martín AB, Núñez NI, de Las Parras ER, Núñez ML, Puente SP (2014) Imported strongyloidiasis in Spain. Int J Infect Dis 18:32–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.09.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herrador Z, Daschner Á, Perteguer MJ, Benito A (2019) Epidemiological scenario of anisakidosis in Spain based on associated hospitalizations: the tip of the iceberg. Clin Infect Dis 69(1):69–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy853

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vilajeliu Balagué A, Heras Prat P, Ortiz-Barreda G, Pinazo Delgado MJ, Gascón Brustenga J, Bardají AA (2014) Parasitosis importadas en la población inmigrante en España. Rev Esp Salud Publica 88(6):783–802. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1135-57272014000600010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roka M, Goñi P, Rubio E, Clavel A (2013) Intestinal parasites in HIV-seropositive patients in the Continental Region of Equatorial Guinea: its relation with socio-demographic, health and immune systems factors. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 107(8):502–510. https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trt049

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hailu T, Nibret E, Amor A, Munshea A (2020) Strongyloidiasis in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence, diagnostic methods, and study settings. Biomed Res Int 15(2020):2868564. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2868564

Article  Google Scholar 

Tchuem Tchuenté LA, Southgate VR, Jourdane J, Webster BL, Vercruysse J (2003) Schistosoma intercalatum: an endangered species in Cameroon? Trends Parasitol 19(9):389–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(03)00193-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salas-Coronas J, Pérez Pérez A, Roure S et al (2022) Documento de consenso para el manejo de la esquistosomiasis en atención primaria. Aten Primaria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102408

Aula OP, McManus DP, Jones MK, Gordon CA (2021) Schistosomiasis with a Focus on Africa. Trop Med Infect Dis 6(3):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6030109

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hotez PJ, Kamath A (2009) Neglected tropical diseases in sub-saharan Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and disease burden. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3(8):e412. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000412

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Soriano JM, Domènech G, Martínez MC, Mañes J, Soriano F (2011) Intestinal parasitic infections in hosted Saharawi children. Trop Biomed 28(3):557–562

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mas J, Ascaso C, Escaramis G, Abellana R, Duran E, Sima A, Sánchez MJ, Nkogo PR, Nguema R, Untoria MD, Echeverria MA, Ardevol MM, de Jiménez Anta MT (2006) Reduction in the prevalence and intensity of infection in Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae according to ethnicity and community after 8 years of ivermectin treatment on the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. Trop Med Int Health 11(7):1082–1091. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01650.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moya L, Herrador Z, Ta-Tang TH, Rubio JM, Perteguer MJ, Hernandez-González A, García B, Nguema R, Nguema J, Ncogo P, Garate T, Benito A, Sima A, Aparicio P (2016) Evidence for suppression of onchocerciasis transmission in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(7):e0004829. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004829

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jiménez M, González LM, Bailo B, Prieto I, Iborra A, Sima A, Gárate T (2009) A pilot study on the prevalence of loiasis in Equatorial Guinea using an accurate Nested PCR. Enf Emerg 11(1):9

Google Scholar 

Vila Montlleo R (1990) Filariose sanguine due à Loa-Loa et à Mansonella perstans dans la partie continentale de la Guinée équatoriale. Résulats préalables [Serum filariasis due to Loa loa and Mansonella perstans in the continental area of equatorial Guinea. Preliminary results]. Med Trop (Mars) 50(4):399–402 (French)

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buonfrate D, Mena MA, Angheben A, Requena-Mendez A, Muñoz J, Gobbi F, Albonico M, Gotuzzo E, Bisoffi Z, COHEMI Project Study Group (2015) Prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Latin America: a systematic review of the literature. Epidemiol Infect 143(3):452–60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814001563

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saboyá MI, Catalá L, Nicholls RS, Ault SK (2013) Update on the mapping of prevalence and intensity of infection for soil-transmitted helminth infections in Latin America and the Caribbean: a call for action. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(9):e2419. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002419

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang C, Xu J, Zhou X, Li J, Yan G, James AA, Chen X (2013) Strongyloidiasis: an emerging infectious disease in China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88(3):420–425. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0596

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Valerio L, Roure S, Fernández-Rivas G, Basile L, Martínez-Cuevas O, Ballesteros ÁL, Ramos X, Sabrià M, North Metropolitan Working Group on Imported Diseases (2013) Strongyloides stercoralis, the hidden worm. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 70 cases diagnosed in the North Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, Spain, 2003–2012. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 107(8):465–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trt053

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cabezas-Fernández MT, Salas-Coronas J, Lozano-Serrano AB, Vazquez-Villegas J, Cabeza-Barrera MI, Cobo F (2015) Strongyloidiasis in immigrants in Southern Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 33(1):37–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2014.06.010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

CañasGarcía-Otero E, Praena-Segovia J, Ruiz-Pérez de Pipaón M, Bosh-Guerra X, Sánchez-Agüera M, Álvarez-Martínez D, Cisneros-Herreros JM (2016) Aproximación clínica a la eosinofilia importada [Clinical approach to imported eosinophilia]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 34(10):661–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2016.10.007. (Spanish)

Article  Google Scholar 

Burkhart CN, Burkhart CG (2005) Assessment of frequency, transmission, and genitourinary complications of enterobiasis (pinworms). Int J Dermatol 44(10):837–840. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02332.x

Article  PubM