Gender Differences in Cannabis Outcomes After Recreational Cannabis Legalization: A United States Repeated Cross-sectional Study, 2008–2017

Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01

Brenan, M. (2020). Support for legal marijuana inches up to new high of 68%. Retrieved from https://news.gallup.com/poll/323582/support-legal-marijuana-inches-new-high.aspx. Accessed August 15, 2022.

Cannabis Act. (2018). Cannabis regulations SOR/2018–144. Retrieved from https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Regulations/SOR-2018-144/20190115/P1TT3xt3.html. Accessed November 10, 2023.

Carliner, H., Mauro, P. M., Brown, Q. L., Shmulewitz, D., Rahim-Juwel, R., Sarvet, A. L., . . . Hasin, D. S. (2017). The widening gender gap in marijuana use prevalence in the U.S. during a period of economic change, 2002–2014. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 170, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.042

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2017). 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological summary and definitions. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2020). Results from the 2019 national survey on drug use and health: Detailed tables. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

Cerda, M., Mauro, C., Hamilton, A., Levy, N. S., Santaella-Tenorio, J., Hasin, D., . . . Martins, S. S. (2019). Association between recreational marijuana legalization in the United States and changes in marijuana use and cannabis use disorder from 2008 to 2016. JAMA Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3254

Coley, R. L., Kruzik, C., Ghiani, M., Carey, N., Hawkins, S. S., & Baum, C. F. (2020). Recreational marijuana legalization and adolescent use of marijuana, tobacco, and alcohol. Journal of Adolescent Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.10.019

Article  Google Scholar 

Compton, W. M., Han, B., Jones, C. M., & Blanco, C. (2019). Cannabis use disorders among adults in the United States during a time of increasing use of cannabis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 204, 107468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.008

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Copeland, J., & Swift, W. (2009). Cannabis use disorder: Epidemiology and management. International Review of Psychiatry, 21(2), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260902782745

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Daniller, A. (2019). Two-thirds of Americans support marijuana legalization. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/facttank/2019/11/14/americans-support-marijuana-legalization/. Accessed September 03, 2024.

Dills, A., Goffard, S., Miron, J., & Partin, E. (2021). The effect of state marijuana legalizations: 2021 update (Policy Analysis No. 908). https://doi.org/10.36009/PA.908

Elder, L., & Greene, S. (2019). Gender and the Politics of Marijuana. Social Science Quarterly, 100(1), 109–122.

Article  Google Scholar 

Farrelly, K. N., Wardell, J. D., Marsden, E., Scarfe, M. L., Najdzionek, P., Turna, J., & MacKillop, J. (2023). The impact of recreational cannabis legalization on cannabis use and associated outcomes: A systematic review. Subst Abuse, 17(1178–2218 (Print)), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/11782218231172054

Greaves, L., & Hemsing, N. (2020). Sex and gender interactions on the use and impact of recreational cannabis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020509

Grucza, R. A., Agrawal, A., Krauss, M. J., Cavazos-Rehg, P. A., & Bierut, L. J. (2016). Recent trends in the prevalence of marijuana use and associated disorders in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry, 73(3), 300–301. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.3111

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haneuse, S., VanderWeele, T. J., & Arterburn, D. (2019). Using the E-value to assess the potential effect of unmeasured confounding in observational studies. JAMA, 321(6), 602–603. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.21554

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hasin, D. S., Sarvet, A. L., Cerdá, M., Keyes, K. M., Stohl, M., Galea, S., & Wall, M. M. (2017). US adult illicit cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and medical marijuana laws: 1991–1992 to 2012–2013. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(6), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0724

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hasin, D. S., Shmulewitz, D., & Sarvet, A. L. (2019). Time trends in US cannabis use and cannabis use disorders overall and by sociodemographic subgroups: A narrative review and new findings. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 45(6), 623–643. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2019.1569668

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hasin, D. S., Saha, T. D., Kerridge, B. T., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Zhang, H., et al. (2015a). Prevalence of marijuana use disorders in the United States between 2001–2002 and 2012–2013. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(12), 1235–1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1858

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hasin, D. S., Wall, M., Keyes, K. M., Cerdá, M., Schulenberg, J., O’Malley, P. M., et al. (2015b). Medical marijuana laws and adolescent marijuana use in the USA from 1991 to 2014: Results from annual, repeated cross-sectional surveys. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(7), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00217-5

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hemsing, N., & Greaves, L. (2020). Gender Norms, Roles and Relations and Cannabis-Use Patterns: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030947

Johnson, R. M., & Guttmannova, K. (2019). Marijuana use among adolescents and emerging adults in the midst of policy change: Introduction to the special issue. Prevention Science, 20(2), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-019-0989-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson, R. M., Fairman, B., Gilreath, T., Xuan, Z., Rothman, E. F., Parnham, T., & Furr-Holden, C. D. (2015). Past 15-year trends in adolescent marijuana use: Differences by race/ethnicity and sex. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 155, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.025

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kerr, W. C., Lui, C., & Ye, Y. (2018). Trends and age, period and cohort effects for marijuana use prevalence in the 1984–2015 US national alcohol surveys. Addiction, 113(3), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14031

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keyes, K. M., Wall, M., Cerda, M., Schulenberg, J., O'Malley, P. M., Galea, S., . . . Hasin, D. S. (2016). How does state marijuana policy affect US youth? Medical marijuana laws, marijuana use and perceived harmfulness: 1991–2014. Addiction, 111(12), 2187–2195. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13523

Kilmer, B. (2019). How will cannabis legalization affect health, safety, and social equity outcomes? It largely depends on the 14 Ps. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 45(6), 664–672. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2019.1611841

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lenth, R., Singmann, H., Love, J., Buerkner, P., & Herve, M. (2018). Emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. R Package Version, 1(1), 3.

Google Scholar 

Levy, N. S., Mauro, P. M., Mauro, C. M., Segura, L. E., & Martins, S. S. (2021). Joint perceptions of the risk and availability of cannabis in the United States, 2002–2018. Drug Alcohol Depend, 108873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108873

Little, R. J. (2004). To model or not to model? Competing modes of inference for finite population sampling. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 99(466), 546–556.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lohr, S. L. (2009). Sampling: Design and analysis (2nd ed.).Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429298899

Lumley, T. (2004). Analysis of complex survey samples. Journal of Statistical Software, 9(1), 1–19.

Google Scholar 

Marijuana Policy Project. (2016). State-by-state medical marijuana laws: How to remove the threat of arrest. Retrieved from https://www.mpp.org/issues/medical-marijuana/state-by-state-medical-marijuana-laws/

Martins, S. S., Segura, L. E., Levy, N. S., Mauro, P. M., Mauro, C. M., Philbin, M. M., & Hasin, D. S. (2021). Racial and ethnic differences in cannabis use following legalization in US states with medical cannabis laws. JAMA Network Open, 4(9), e2127002–e2127002. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27002

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Martins, S. S., Mauro, C. M., Santaella-Tenorio, J., Kim, J. H., Cerda, M., Keyes, K. M., . . . Wall, M. (2016). State-level medical marijuana laws, marijuana use and perceived availability of marijuana among the general U.S. population. Drug Alcohol Depend, 169, 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.004

Mauro, C. M., Newswanger, P., Santaella-Tenorio, J., Mauro, P. M., Carliner, H., & Martins, S. S. (2019). Impact of medical marijuana laws on state-level marijuana use by age and gender, 2004–2013. Prevention Science, 20(2), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0848-3

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mauro, P. M., Samples, H., Klein, K. S., & Martins, S. S. (2020). Discussing drug use with health care providers is associated with perceived need and receipt of drug treatment among adults in the United States: We need to talk. Medical Care, 58(7), 617–624. https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000001340

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mauro, P. M., Carliner, H., Brown, Q. L., Hasin, D. S., Shmulewitz, D., Rahim-Juwel, R., . . . Martins, S. S. (2018). Age differences in daily and nondaily cannabis use in the United States, 2002–2014. J Stud Alcohol Drugs, 79(3), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2018.79.423

Mollner, K. (2022). Global impacts of legalization and decriminalization of marijuana and cannabis. J Toxicol Risk Assess, 8, 046. https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-4061.1510046

Article  Google Scholar 

National Conference of State Legislatures. (2023). State Medical Cannabis Laws. Retrieved from https://www.ncsl.org/health/state-medical-cannabis-laws

Pacek, L. R., Mauro, P. M., & Martins, S. S. (2015). Perceived risk of regular cannabis use in the United States from 2002 to 2012: Differences by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 149, 232–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.009

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

ProCon.org. (2020). Legal recreational marijuana states and DC: Cannabis laws with possession and cultivation limits. Retrieved from https://marijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=006868. Accessed February 04, 2021

República de Uruguay. (2014). Guidelines to regulate aspects associated with marijuana law 19.172 (Decreto no. 120/014. In Reglamentacion de la Ley 19.172 relativo a la reReglamentacion de la Ley 19.172 relativo a la regulación y control del cannabis—Ley De Marihuana). Retrieved from https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/120-2014. Accessed February 02, 2024.

Salloum, N. C., Krauss, M. J., Agrawal, A., Bierut, L. J., & Grucza, R. A. (2018). A reciprocal effects analysis of cannabis use and perceptions of risk. Addiction, 113, 1077–1085. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14174

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sarvet, A. L., Wall, M. M., Fink, D. S., Greene, E., Le, A., Boustead, A. E., . . . Hasin, D. S. (2018). Medical marijuana laws and adolescent marijuana use in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction, 113(6), 1003–1016. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14136

Segura, L. E., Mauro, C. M., Levy, N. S., Khauli, N., Philbin, M. M., Mauro, P. M., & Martins, S. S. (2019). Association of US medical marijuana laws with nonmedical prescription opioid use and prescription opioid use disorder. JAMA Network Open, 2(7), e197216–e197216. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7216

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2015). National survey on drug use and health: Summary of the effects of the 2015 NSDUH questionnaire redesign: Implications for data users. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK524967/. Accessed August 02, 2022.

Swift, W., Coffey, C., Carlin, J. B., Degenhardt, L., & Patton, G. C. (2008). Adolescent cannabis users at 24 years: Trajectories to regular weekly use and dependence in young adulthood. Addiction, 103(8), 1361–1370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02246.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

The Policy Surveillance Program Staff. (2015). Recreational marijuana laws. Retrieved from: http://lawatlas.org/datasets/recreational-marijuana-laws. Accessed September 20, 2021.

VanderWeele, T. J., & Ding, P. (2017). Sensitivity analysis in observational research: Introducing the E-value. Annals of Internal Medicine, 167(4), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.7326/m16-2607

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007). The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Annals of Internal Medicine, 147(8), 573–577.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wen, H., Hockenberry, J. M., & Cummings, J. R. (2015). The effect of medical marijuana laws on adolescent and adult use of marijuana, alcohol, and other substances. Journal of Health Economics, 42, 64–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.03.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wickham, H. (2011). ggplot2. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 3(2), 180–185.

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif