1Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8

2The National CFIDS Foundation, 285 Beach Ave., Hull, MA 02045

3Cambridge University, The Old Schools, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom.

For correspondence contact: Carmel Mothersill, Department of Biology, McMaster University, Canada, or email at [email protected],

(Manuscript accepted 10 January 2024)