Because of abundant resource, low cost and high reversible specific capacity, hard carbon (HC) is considered to be the most likely commercial anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Therefore, the reasonable design and effective strategy to regulate the structure of HCs play a crucial role in promoting the development of SIBs. Herein, recent process regarding preparation approaches for HC anode materials are systematically overviewed, with a special focus on comparison between traditional fabrication methods and advanced strategies emerging in recent years concerning the influence on performance including preparation efficiency, initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), specific capacity, rate capability and so on. Furthermore, advanced strategies are distinguished to two part as one exhibits the potential for large-scale production to replace the traditional methods, and another one could give the guideline for achieving high-performance HC anodes from top-level design. Finally, the challenges and future development prospects to achieve high-performance HC anode are also proposed. We believe this review can provide beneficial guidance to actualize a truly rational design of advanced HC anodes engining the industrialization of SIBs, and assist in formulating design rules for developing high-end advanced electrode materials for energy storage devices.

This article is Open Access

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