Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Miller KD, Kramer JL, Newman LA, Minihan A, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Partridge AH, Hughes ME, Warner ET, Ottesen RA, Wong YN, Edge SB, et al. Subtype-dependent relationship between young age at diagnosis and breast cancer survival. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2016;34(27):3308–14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kim HJ, Kim S, Freedman RA, Partridge AH. The impact of young age at diagnosis (age <40 years) on prognosis varies by breast cancer subtype: A U.S. SEER database analysis. The Breast. 2022;61:77–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Ravdin PM, Makower DF, Pritchard KI, Albain KS, et al. Clinical and genomic risk to guide the use of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(25):2395–405.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lambertini M, Peccatori FA, Demeestere I, Amant F, Wyns C, Stukenborg JB, et al. Fertility preservation and post-treatment pregnancies in post-pubertal cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines†. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(12):1664–78.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lambertini M, Moore HCF, Leonard RCF, Loibl S, Munster P, Bruzzone M, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy for preservation of ovarian function and fertility in premenopausal patients with early breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient-level data. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(19):1981–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cardoso F, Kyriakides S, Ohno S, Penault-Llorca F, Poortmans P, Rubio IT, et al. Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(8):1194–220.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patterson-Lomba O, Dalal AA, Ayyagari R, Liu O, Dervishi E, Platt E, et al. Systematic literature review of clinical trials of endocrine therapies for premenopausal women with metastatic HR+ HER2- breast cancer. Breast J. 2019;25(5):880–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li M, Huang H, Liang Y, Tan J, Lin D. Effect of Zoladex administered before chemotherapy on menstruation of patients with breast cancer. Chin J Clin Oncol. 2008;35:905–7.

Google Scholar 

Sverrisdottir A, Nystedt M, Johansson H, Fornander T. Adjuvant goserelin and ovarian preservation in chemotherapy treated patients with early breast cancer: results from a randomized trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;117(3):561–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Badawy A, Elnashar A, El-Ashry M, Shahat M. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for prevention of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage: prospective randomized study. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(3):694–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gerber B, von Minckwitz G, Stehle H, Reimer T, Felberbaum R, Maass N, et al. Effect of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonist on ovarian function after modern adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy: the GBG 37 ZORO study. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(17):2334–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sun J, Ren Y, Li W. Effect of Zoladex Administered before Chemotherapy on Menstruation of Patients with Breast Cancer. Chin Disab Med. 2011;19:15–6.

Google Scholar 

Munster PN, Moore AP, Ismail-Khan R, Cox CE, Lacevic M, Gross-King M, et al. Randomized trial using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin for the preservation of ovarian function during (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(5):533–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Elgindy EA, El-Haieg DO, Khorshid OM, Ismail EI, Abdelgawad M, Sallam HN, et al. Gonadatrophin suppression to prevent chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121(1):78–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Song G, Gao H, Yuan Z. Effect of leuprolide acetate on ovarian function after cyclophosphamide–doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in premenopausal patients with breast cancer: results from a phase II randomized trial. Med Oncol. 2013;30(3):667.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiang FY, Zhang QQ, Zeng J. Protective effect of GnRHa on chemotherapy induced ovarian damage in breast cancer patients. Shandong Med J. 2013;53:16–8.

Google Scholar 

Karimi-Zarchi M, Forat-Yazdi M, Vafaeenasab MR, Nakhaie-Moghadam M, Miratashi-Yazdi A, Teimoori S, et al. Evaluation of the effect of GnRH agonist on menstrual reverse in breast cancer cases treated with cyclophosphamide. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2014;35(1):59–61.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moore HCF, Unger JM, Phillips KA, Boyle F, Hitre E, Moseley A, et al. Final analysis of the prevention of early menopause study (POEMS)/SWOG Intergroup S0230. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst. 2019;111(2):210–3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lambertini M, Boni L, Michelotti A, Gamucci T, Scotto T, Gori S, et al. Ovarian suppression with triptorelin during adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy and long-term ovarian function, pregnancies, and disease-free survival: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314(24):2632.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leonard RCF, Adamson DJA, Bertelli G, Mansi J, Yellowlees A, Dunlop J, et al. GnRH agonist for protection against ovarian toxicity during chemotherapy for early breast cancer: the Anglo Celtic Group OPTION trial. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(8):1811–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Ji Y, Li J, Lei L, Wu S, Zuo W, et al. Sequential versus simultaneous use of chemotherapy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) among estrogen receptor (ER)-positive premenopausal breast cancer patients: effects on ovarian function, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018;168(3):679–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zong X, Yu Y, Yang H, Chen W, Ding X, Liu S, et al. Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs on ovarian function against chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxic effects in premenopausal women with breast cancer in China: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2022;8(2):252.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lambertini M, Horicks F, Del Mastro L, Partridge AH, Demeestere I. Ovarian protection with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy in cancer patients: from biological evidence to clinical application. Cancer Treat Rev. 2019;72:65–77.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Del Mastro L, Boni L, Michelotti A, Gamucci T, Olmeo N, Gori S, et al. Effect of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin on the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced early menopause in premenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2011;306(3):269–76.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lambertini M, Boni L, Michelotti A, Magnolfi E, Cogoni AA, Mosconi AM, et al. Long-term outcomes with pharmacological ovarian suppression during chemotherapy in premenopausal early breast cancer patients. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022;114(3):400–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li ZY, Dong YL, Cao XZ, Ren SS, Zhang Z. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for ovarian protection during breast cancer chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause N Y N. 2022;29(9):1093–100.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yang B, Shi W, Yang J, Liu H, Zhao H, Li X, et al. Concurrent treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage in premenopausal women with breast cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The Breast. 2013;22(2):150–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang C, Chen M, Fu F, Huang M. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog cotreatment for the preservation of ovarian function during gonadotoxic chemotherapy for breast cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(6): e66360.

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vitek WS, Shayne M, Hoeger K, Han Y, Messing S, Fung C. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for the preservation of ovarian function among women with breast cancer who did not use tamoxifen after chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2014;102(3):808-815.e1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shen Y, Fujii T, Ueno NT, Tripathy D, Fu N, Zhou H, et al. Comparative efficacy of adjuvant trastuzumab-containing chemotherapies for patients with early HER2-positive primary breast cancer: a network meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019;173(1):1–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lambertini M, Ceppi M, Poggio F, Peccatori FA, Azim HA, Ugolini D, et al. Ovarian suppression using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy to preserve ovarian function and fertility of breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(12):2408–19.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Munhoz RR, Pereira AAL, Sasse AD, Hoff PM, Traina TA, Hudis CA, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for ovarian function preservation in premenopausal women undergoing chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(1):65.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Silva C, Caramelo O, Almeida-Santos T, Ribeiro Rama AC. Factors associated with ovarian function recovery after chemotherapy for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(12):2737–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bai F, Lu Y, Wu K, Chen Q, Ding L, Ge M, et al. Protecting effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage in premenopausal breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Care Basel Switz. 2017;12(1):48–52.

Google Scholar 

The ESHRE Guideline Group on Female Fertility Preservation, Anderson RA, Amant F, Braat D, D’Angelo A, de Sousa Chuva, Lopes SM, et al. ESHRE guideline: female fertility preservation†. Hum Reprod Open. 2020;2020(4):hoaa052.

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Oktay K, Harvey BE, Partridge AH, Quinn GP, Reinecke J, Taylor HS, et al. Fertility preservation in patients with cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(19):1994–2001.

Article