Gascon M, Mas MT, Martínez D, Dadvand P, Forns J, Plasència A, et al. Mental health benefits of long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12:4354–79.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gascon M, Zijlema W, Vert C, White MP, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Outdoor blue spaces, human health and well-being: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017;220:1207–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.08.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yuan Y, Huang F, Lin F, Zhu P, Zhu P. Green space exposure on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;33:1783–97. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40520-020-01710-0.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Markevych I, Schoierer J, Hartig T, Chudnovsky A, Hystad P, Dzhambov AM, et al. Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: theoretical and methodological guidance. Environ Res. 2017;158:301–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.028.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Dillen SME, De Vries S, Groenewegen PP, Spreeuwenberg P. Greenspace in urban neighbourhoods and residents’ health: adding quality to quantity. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012;66:1–5.

Google Scholar 

Mitchell R, Popham F. Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. Lancet. 2008;372:1655–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61689-X.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cronin-de-chavez A, Islam S, Mceachan RRC. Health & place not a level playing field: a qualitative study exploring structural, community and individual determinants of greenspace use amongst low-income multi-ethnic families. Health Place 2019;56:118–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.01.018.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vanaken G-JJ, Danckaerts M. Impact of green space exposure on children’s and adolescents’ mental health: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:2668 https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/12/2668/htm.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Egorov AI, Mudu P, Braubach M, Martuzzi M. Urban green spaces and health: a review of evidence [Internet]. WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2016. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/321971/Urban-green-spaces-and-health-review-evidence.pdf?ua=1.

Dadvand P, Wright J, Martinez D, Basagaña X, McEachan RRC, Cirach M, et al. Inequality, green spaces, and pregnant women: Roles of ethnicity and individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status. Environ Int. 2014;71:101–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dzhambov A, Hartig T, Markevych I, Tilov B, Dimitrova D. Urban residential greenspace and mental health in youth: Different approaches to testing multiple pathways yield different conclusions. Environ Res. 2018;160:47–59.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sarkar C. Residential greenness and adiposity: findings from the UK Biobank. Environ Int. 2017;106:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.016.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zare Sakhvidi MJ, Knobel P, Bauwelinck M, de Keijzer C, Boll LM, Spano G, et al. Greenspace exposure and children behavior: a systematic review. Sci Total Environ. 2022;824:153608.

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alcock I, White MP, Lovell R, Higgins SL, Osborne NJ, Husk K, et al. What accounts for “England’s green and pleasant land”? A panel data analysis of mental health and land cover types in rural England. Landsc Urban Plan. 2015;142:38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.05.008.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dennis M, James P. Evaluating the relative influence on population health of domestic gardens and green space along a rural-urban gradient. Landsc Urban Plan. 2017;157:343–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.08.009.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hughey SM, Kaczynski AT, Child S, Moore JB, Porter D, Hibbert J. Green and lean: is neighborhood park and playground availability associated with youth obesity? Variations by gender, socioeconomic status, and race / ethnicity. Prev Med. 2017;95:101–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.024.

Article  Google Scholar 

Haklay M, Weber P. OpenStreet map: User-generated street maps. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 2008;7(4):12–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dimitrova DD, Dzhambov AM. Perceived access to recreational/green areas as an effect modifier of the relationship between health and neighbourhood noise/air quality: results from the 3rd European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS, 2011–2012). Urban Urban Green. 2017;23:54–60.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sulander T, Karvinen E, Holopainen M. Urban green space visits and mortality among older adults. Epidemiology. 2016;27:e34–5. https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Fulltext/2016/09000/Urban_Green_Space_Visits_and_Mortality_Among_Older.26.aspx.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wilkins EL, Morris MA, Radley D, Griffiths C. Using Geographic Information Systems to measure retail food environments: Discussion of methodological considerations and a proposed reporting checklist (Geo-FERN). Heal Place. 2017;44:110–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Labib SM, Lindley S, Huck JJ. Spatial dimensions of the influence of urban green-blue spaces on human health: a systematic review. Environ Res. 2020;180:108869.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Young NE, Anderson RS, Chignell SM, Vorster AG, Lawrence R, Evangelista PH. A survival guide to Landsat preprocessing. Ecology. 2017;98:920–32.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wulder MA, Coops NC, Roy DP, White JC, Hermosilla T. Land cover 2.0. Int J Remote Sens. 2018;39:4254–84.

Article  Google Scholar 

USGS. EarthExplorer. 2020. Available from: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/.

Rugel EJ, Henderson SB, Carpiano RM, Brauer M. Beyond the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): developing a natural space index for population-level health research. Environ Res. 2017;159:474–83.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dare PM. Shadow analysis in high-resolution satellite imagery of urban areas. 2005.

Su JG, Dadvand P, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Bartoll X, Jerrett M. Associations of green space metrics with health and behavior outcomes at different buffer sizes and remote sensing sensor resolutions. Environ Int. 2019;126:162–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Small C. Estimation of urban vegetation abundance by spectral mixture analysis. 2001;22:1305–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160151144369.

James P, Banay RF, Hart JE, Laden F. A review of the health benefits of greenness. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2015;2:131–42. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40471-015-0043-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Keijzer C, Foraster M, Basagaña X, Tonne C, Garcia LA, Valentín A, et al. Long-term greenspace exposure and progression of arterial stiffness: the Whitehall ii cohort study. Environ Health Perspect. 2020;128:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6159.

Article  Google Scholar 

Orioli R, Antonucci C, Scortichini M, Cerza F, Marando F, Ancona C, et al. Exposure to residential greenness as a predictor of cause-specific mortality and stroke incidence in the Rome longitudinal study. Environ Health Perspect. 2019;127:27002. https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/EHP2854.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rugel EJ, Carpiano RM, Henderson SB, Brauer M. Exposure to natural space, sense of community belonging, and adverse mental health outcomes across an urban region. Environ Res. 2019;171:365–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.034.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang BY, Markevych I, Heinrich J, Bowatte G, Bloom MS, Guo Y, et al. Associations of greenness with diabetes mellitus and glucose-homeostasis markers: the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019;222:283–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown SC, Perrino T, Lombard J, Wang K, Toro M, Rundek T, et al. Health disparities in the relationship of neighborhood greenness to mental health outcomes in 249,405 U.S. medicare beneficiaries. Int J Environ Res Public Heal. 2018;15:430. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/3/430/htm.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pereira G, Foster S, Martin K, Christian H, Boruff BJ, Knuiman M, et al. The association between neighborhood greenness and cardiovascular disease: an observational study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:1–9. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-12-466.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lane KJ, Stokes EC, Seto KC, Thanikachalam S, Thanikachalam M, Bell ML. Associations between greenness, impervious surface area, and nighttime lights on biomarkers of vascular aging in Chennai, India. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP541.

Slawsky ED, Hajat A, Rhew IC, Russette H, Semmens EO, Kaufman JD, et al. Neighborhood greenspace exposure as a protective factor in dementia risk among U.S. adults 75 years or older: a cohort study. Environ Heal A Glob Access Sci Source. 2022;21:1–10. https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-022-00830-6.

Google Scholar 

Dadvand P, Bartoll X, Basagaña X, Dalmau-Bueno A, Martinez D, Ambros A, et al. Green spaces and general health: roles of mental health status, social support, and physical activity. Environ Int. 2016;91:161–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.029.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Houlden V, Weich S, de Albuquerque JP, Jarvis S, Rees K. The relationship between greenspace and the mental wellbeing of adults: a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:1–35.

Article  Google Scholar 

Paul LA, Hystad P, Burnett RT, Kwong JC, Crouse DL, van Donkelaar A, et al. Urban green space and the risks of dementia and stroke. Environ Res. 2020;186:109520.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barboza EP, Cirach M, Khomenko S, Iungman T, Mueller N, Barrera-Gómez J. et al. Green space and mortality in European cities: a health impact assessment study. Lancet Planet Heal. 2021;5:e718–e30.

Article  Google Scholar 

Twohig-Bennett C, Jones A. The health benefits of the great outdoors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of greenspace exposure and health outcomes. Environ Res. 2018;166:628–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed