Vaara ST, Pettilä V, Reinikainen M, Kaukonen KM. Finnish Intensive Care Consortium. Population-based incidence, mortality and quality of life in critically ill patients treated with renal replacement therapy: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Finnish intensive care units. Crit Care. 2012;16(1):R13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bagshaw SM, Laupland KB, Doig CJ, Mortis G, Fick GH, Mucenski M, et al. Prognosis for long-term survival and renal recovery in critically ill patients with severe acute renal failure: a population-based study. Crit Care. 2005;9(6):R700–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoff BM, Maker JH, Dager WE, Heintz BH. Antibiotic dosing for critically ill adult patients receiving intermittent hemodialysis, prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy, and continuous renal replacement therapy: an update. Ann Pharmacother. 2020;54(1):43–55.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pistolesi V, Morabito S, Di Mario F, Regolisti G, Cantarelli C, Fiaccadori E. A guide to understanding Antimicrobial Drug Dosing in critically ill patients on renal replacement therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63(8):e00583–19.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jang SM, Lewis SJ, Mueller BA. Harmonizing antibiotic regimens with renal replacement therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020;18(9):887–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heung M, Yessayan L. Renal replacement therapy in Acute kidney Injury: controversies and Consensus. Crit Care Clin. 2017;33(2):365–78.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zaman T, Moore K, Jellerson J, Chahal Y, Schumacher J, Dalessandri-Silva C, et al. Extension of Tablo TrEatmeNt Duration (XTEND) study: successful 24 h prolonged therapy with Tablo in critical patients. BMC Nephrol. 2022;23(1):338.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carlier M, Taccone FS, Beumier M, Seyler L, Cotton F, Jacobs F, Roberts JA. Population pharmacokinetics and dosing simulations of cefepime in septic shock patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015;46(4):413–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lewis SJ, Kays MB, Mueller BA. Use of Monte Carlo Simulations to Determine Optimal Carbapenem Dosing in critically ill patients receiving prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy. J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;56(10):1277–87.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chaijamorn W, Charoensareerat T, Srisawat N, Pattharachayakul S, Boonpeng A. Cefepime dosing regimens in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: a Monte Carlo simulation study. J Intensive Care. 2018;6:61.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jang SM, Gharibian KN, Lewis SJ, Fissell WH, Tolwani AJ, Mueller BA. A Monte Carlo simulation approach for β-lactam dosing in critically ill patients receiving prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy. J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;58:1254–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sember AM, LoFaso ME, Lewis SJ. An optimal extended-infusion dosing of cefepime and ceftazidime in critically ill patients with continuous renal replacement therapy. J Crit Care. 2022;69:154011.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bagshaw SM, Wald R, Adhikari NKJ, Bellomo R, da Costa BR, Dreyfuss D, et al. Timing of initiation of renal-replacement therapy in acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(3):240–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Allaouchiche B, Breilh D, Jaumain H, Gaillard B, Renard S, Saux MC. Pharmacokinetics of cefepime during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41(11):2424–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Malone RS, Fish DN, Abraham E, Teitelbaum I. Pharmacokinetics of cefepime during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45(11):3148–55.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Isla A, Gascón AR, Maynar J, Arzuaga A, Toral D, Pedraz JL. Cefepime and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT): in vitro permeability of two CRRT membranes and pharmacokinetics in four critically ill patients. Clin Ther. 2005;27(5):599–608.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Philpott CD, Droege CA, Droege ME, Healy DP, Courter JD, Ernst NE, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of extended-infusion cefepime in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: a prospective, open-label study. Pharmacotherapy. 2019;39(11):1066–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mariat C, Venet C, Jehl F, Mwewa S, Lazarevic V, Diconne E, Fonsale N, Carricajo A, Guyomarc’h S, Vermesch R, Aubert G, Bidault R, Bertrand JC, Zeni F. Continuous infusion of ceftazidime in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration: pharmacokinetic evaluation and dose recommendation. Crit Care. 2006;10(1):R26.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

König C, Braune S, Roberts JA, Nierhaus A, Steinmetz OM, Baehr M, Frey OR, Langebrake C, Kluge S. Population pharmacokinetics and dosing simulations of ceftazidime in critically ill patients receiving sustained low-efficiency dialysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(5):1433–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Isla A, Gascon AR, Maynar J, Arzuaga A, Sanchez-Izquierdo JA, Pedraz JL. In vitro AN69 and polysulphone membrane permeability to ceftazidime and in vivo pharmacokinetics during continuous renal replacement therapies. Chemotherapy. 2007;53(3):194–201.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kinowski JM, de la Coussaye JE, Bressolle F, Fabre D, Saissi G, Bouvet O, et al. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of amikacin and ceftazidime in critically ill patients with septic multiple-organ failure during intermittent hemofiltration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993;37(3):464–73.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Afshartous D, Bauer SR, Connor MJ, Aduroja OA, Amde M, Salem C, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of meropenem and imipenem in critically ill patients treated with continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63(1):170–1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boucher BA, Hudson JQ, Hill DM, Swanson JM, Wood GC, Laizure SC, et al. Pharmacokinetics of imipenem/cilastatin burn intensive care unit patients undergoing high-dose continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Pharmacotherapy. 2016;36(12):1229–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fish DN, Teitelbaum I, Abraham E. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of imipenem during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49(6):2421–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mueller BA, Scarim SK, Macias WL. Comparison of imipenem pharmacokinetics in patients with acute or chronic renal failure treated with continuous hemofiltration. Am J Kidney Dis. 1993;21(2):172–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hashimoto S, Honda M, Yamaguchi M, Sekimoto M, Tanaka Y. Pharmacokinetics of imipenem and cilastatin during continuous venovenous hemodialysis in patients who are critically ill. ASAIO J. 1997;43(1):84–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vos MC, Vincent HH, Yzerman EP. Clearance of imipenem/cilastatin in acute renal failure patients treated by continuous hemodiafiltration (CAVHD). Intensive Care Med. 1992;18(5):282–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kihara M, Ikeda Y, Shibata K, Masumori S, Ebira H, Shiratori K, et al. Pharmacokinetic profiles of intravenous imipenem/cilastatin during slow hemodialysis in critically ill patients. Clin Nephrol. 1994;42(3):193–7.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Primaxin [package insert]. Whitehouse Station. NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; 2016.

Google Scholar 

Tegeder I, Bremer F, Oelkers R, Schobel H, Schüttler J, Brune K, et al. Pharmacokinetics of imipenem-cilastatin in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41(12):2640–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Isla A, Maynar J, Sánchez-Izquierdo JA, Gascón AR, Arzuaga A, Corral E, et al. Meropenem and continuous renal replacement therapy: in vitro permeability of 2 continuous renal replacement therapy membranes and influence of patient renal function on the pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005;45:1294–304.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robatel C, Decosterd LA, Biollaz J, Eckert P, Schaller MD, Buclin T. Pharmacokinetics and dosage adaptation of meropenem during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in critically ill patients. J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;43:1329–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Langgartner J, Vasold A, Glück T, Reng M, Kees F. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem during intermittent and continuous intravenous application in patients treated by continuous renal replacement therapy. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(6):1091–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giles LJ, Jennings AC, Thompson AH, Creed G, Beale RJ, McLuckie A. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in intensive care unit patients receiving continuous veno-venous hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:632–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed