Endometriosis (EMS) is a disease in which endometrium-like tissue is present outside the uterus, with either an asymptomatic presentation or pelvic pain and/or infertility as the main clinical symptoms (Chapron et al., 2019). The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are influenced by several factors, the most widely accepted being Sampson's retrograde menstruation hypothesis (Sampson 1927) and the rest including the coelomic metaplasia theory (Signorile et al. 2009), Müllerian remnants (Sourial et al., 2014, Batt and Yeh, 2013), genetic factors (Simpson and Bischoff 2002), and the influence of estrogen and its receptors (Liang et al., 2018, Han et al., 2015, Grandi et al., 2017). Due to ethical and other practical constraints, it is difficult to study the mechanisms and treatments of the disease in humans. It is also impossible to conduct invasive observations. Therefore, establishing animal models has become an important means to accelerate basic research related to EMS. Animal models have been successfully established for nonhuman primates, rabbits, mice, and chicken embryonic chorioallantoic membranes (Braundmeier and Fazleabas, 2009, Yuan et al., 2010, Yan et al., 2022, Pluchino et al., 2019).

Although endometriosis usually occurs only in humans and some non-primate animals (e.g., monkeys), the use of monkeys as animal models is too costly. As a result, the use of small laboratory animals (especially rodents) as models of endometriosis has grown tremendously in recent years. The endometrial structure of rodents is similar to that of humans and has the advantages of low cost, easy feeding, a clear reproductive cycle, and minimal time requirements for model establishment. Rodent EMS models are widely used for large-scale studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of EMS (Miller et al. 2020). Based on Sampson's menstrual blood retrograde hypothesis, traditional modeling methods such as autotransplantation, allografting, and xenografting have been developed. In this paper, the modeling methods and model evaluation of rodent mice and the new models and applications developed in recent years will be reviewed to facilitate the selection of appropriate modeling methods for EMS research.