Hedegaard H, Minino AM, Warner M (2018) Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999–2017. NCHS data brief, no. 329. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville

Hedegaard H, Miniño A, Spencer MR, Warner M (2022) Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999–2020. NCHS data brief (428)

Manchikanti L, Fellows B, Ailinani H, Pampati V (2010) Therapeutic use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids: a ten-year perspective. Pain Physician 13:401–435

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Manchikanti L, Helm S, 2nd, Fellows B, Janata JW, Pampati V, Grider JS, Boswell MV (2012) Opioid epidemic in the United States. Pain Physician 15(3 Suppl):ES9–ES38

Webster LR, Cochella S, Dasgupta N et al (2011) An analysis of the root causes for opioid-related overdose deaths in the United States. Pain Med 12:S26–S35

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cerda M, Krawczyk N, Hamilton L, Rudolph KE, Friedman SR, Keyes KM (2021) A critical review of the social and behavioral contributions to the overdose epidemic. Annu Rev Public Health 42:95–114

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Draanen Jv, Tsang C, Mitra S, Karamouzian M, Richardson L (2020) Socioeconomic marginalization and opioid-related overdose: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 214

King NB, Fraser V, Boikos C, Richardson R, Harper S (2014) Determinants of increased opioid-related mortality in the United States and Canada, 1990–2013: a systematic review. Am J Public Health 104(8):e32–e42

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bambra C (2016) Health divides: where you live can kill you. Policy Press, Chicago

Book  Google Scholar 

Dean A, Kimmel S (2019) Free trade and opioid overdose death in the United States. SSM Popul Health 8:100409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100409

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Monnat SM (2018) Factors associated with county-level differences in U.S. drug-related mortality rates. Am J Prev Med 54(5):611–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.040

Monnat SM (2019) The contributions of socioeconomic and opioid supply factors to U.S. drug mortality rates: urban-rural and within-rural differ. J Rural Stud. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.12.004

Charles KK, Hurst E, Schwartz M (2019) The transformation of manufacturing and the decline in US employment. NBER Macroecon Annu 33(1):307–372

Article  Google Scholar 

Venkataramani AS, Bair EF, O’Brien RL, Tsai AC (2019) Association between automotive assembly plant closures and opioid overdose mortality in the United States: a difference-in-differences analysis. JAMA Intern Med. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5686

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Galea S, Ahern J, Tracy M, Vlahov D (2007) Neighborhood income and income distribution and the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Am J Prev Med 32(6 Suppl):S195–S202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.003

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hollingsworth A, Ruhm CJ, Simon K (2017) Macroeconomic conditions and opioid abuse. J Health Econ 56:222–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.07.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farber HS, Hall R (1993) Pencavel J (1993) The incidence and costs of job loss: 1982–91. Brook Pap Econ Act Microecon 1:73–132

Google Scholar 

Price RH, Choi JN, Vinokur AD (2002) Links in the chain of adversity following job loss: how financial strain and loss of personal control lead to depression, impaired functioning, and poor health. J Occup Health Psychol 7(4):302

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liem R, Liem JH (1988) Psychological effects of unemployment on workers and their families. J Soc Issues 44(4):87–105

Article  Google Scholar 

Yeung WJ, Hofferth SL (1998) Family adaptations to income and job loss in the US. J Fam Econ Issues 19(3):255–283

Article  Google Scholar 

Jones CW, Christman Z, Smith CM, Safferman MR, Salzman M, Baston K, Haroz R (2018) Comparison between buprenorphine provider availability and opioid deaths among US counties. J Subst Abuse Treat 93:19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.07.008

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hepler S, McKnight E, Bonny A, Kline D (2019) A latent spatial factor approach for synthesizing opioid-associated deaths and treatment admissions in Ohio Counties. Epidemiology 30(3)

Cano M, Oh S, Osborn P, Olowolaju SA, Sanchez A, Kim Y, Moreno AC (2023) County-level predictors of US drug overdose mortality: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 242:109714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109714

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6(7):e1000097

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Partners E (2019) DistillerSR. Ottawa

Jackson N, Waters E (2005) Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions. Health Promot Int 20(4):367–374. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dai022

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thomas BH, Ciliska D, Dobbins M, Micucci S (2004) A process for systematically reviewing the literature: providing the research evidence for public health nursing interventions. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 1(3):176–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-475X.2004.04006.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cerda M, Ransome Y, Keyes KM, Koenen KC, Tardiff K, Vlahov D, Galea S (2013) Revisiting the role of the urban environment in substance use: the case of analgesic overdose fatalities. Am J Public Health 103(12):2252–2260. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301347

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ghertner R, Groves L (2018) The opioid crisis and economic opportunity: geographic and economic trends. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation Research Brief. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC

Hannon L, Cuddy MM (2006) Neighborhood ecology and drug dependence mortality: an analysis of New York City census tracts. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 32(3):453–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990600753966

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marshall JR, Gassner SF, Anderson CL, Cooper RJ, Lotfipour S, Chakravarthy B (2019) Socioeconomic and geographical disparities in prescription and illicit opioid-related overdose deaths in Orange County, California, from 2010–2014. Subst Abuse 40(1):80–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2018.1442899

Article  Google Scholar 

Ruhm CJ (2019) Drivers of the fatal drug epidemic. J Health Econ 64:25–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.01.001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dow WH, Godøy A, Lowenstein C, Reich M (2020) Can labor market policies reduce deaths of despair? J Health Econ 74:102372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2020.102372

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frankenfeld CL, Leslie TF (2019) County-level socioeconomic factors and residential racial, Hispanic, poverty, and unemployment segregation associated with drug overdose deaths in the United States, 2013–2017. Ann Epidemiol 35:12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.04.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kedia S, Ahuja N, Wyant DK, Dillon PJ, Akkus C, Relyea G (2020) Compositional and contextual factors associated with drug overdose deaths in the United States. J Addict Dis 38(2):143–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2020.1729079

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kerry R, Yoo E, Ingram B (2019) Spatial analysis of drug poisoning deaths in the American west: a comparison study using profile regression to adjust for collinearity and spatial correlation. Drug Alcohol Depend 204:107598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107598

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pierce JR, Schott PK (2020) Trade liberalization and mortality: evidence from US counties. Am Econ Rev Insights 2(1):47–64

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhu Y, Fei Z, Mooney LJ, Huang K, Hser YI (2022) Social determinants of mortality of COVID-19 and opioid overdose in American rural and urban counties. J Addict Med 16(1):e52–e55. https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0000000000000834

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rudolph KE, Kinnard EN, Aguirre AR, Goin DE, Feelemyer J, Fink D, Cerda M (2020) The relative economy and drug overdose deaths. Epidemiology 31(4):551–558. https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001199

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Johnson LT, Shreve T (2020) The ecology of overdose mortality in Philadelphia. Health Place 66:102430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102430

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Betz MR, Jones LE (2018) Wage and employment growth in America’s drug epidemic: is all growth created equal? Am J Agric Econ 100(5):1357–1374. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aay069

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zoorob MJ, Salemi JL (2017) Bowling alone, dying together: the role of social capital in mitigating the drug overdose epidemic in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 173:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.011

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Visconti AJ, Santos G-M, Lemos NP, Burke C, Coffin PO (2015) Opioid overdose deaths in the city and county of San Francisco: prevalence, distribution, and disparities. J Urban Health 92(4):758–772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-015-9967-y

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nandi A, Galea S, Ahern J, Bucciarelli A, Vlahov D, Tardiff K (2006) What explains the association between neighborhood-level income inequality and the risk of fatal overdose in New York City? Soc Sci Med 63(3):662–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.02.001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galea S, Ahern J, Vlahov D (2003) Contextual determinants of drug use risk behavior: a theoretic framework. J Urban Health 80(3):iii50–iii58

Goedel WC, Green TC, Viner-Brown S, Rich JD, Marshall BDL (2019) Increased overdose mortality during the first week of the month: revisiting the “check effect” through a spatial lens. Drug Alcohol Depend 197:49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.024