Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview

Heber, D. et al. Clinical detection of sarcopenic obesity by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 64, 472s–477s (1996).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Donini, L. M. et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement. Clin. Nutr. 41, 990–1000 (2022). Collaboration between ESPEN and EASO has established a unified definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity, aiming to streamline research and treatment approaches for this prevalent condition.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Donini, L. M. et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement. Obes. Facts 15, 321–335 (2022).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roubenoff, R. Sarcopenic obesity: the confluence of two epidemics. Obes. Res. 12, 887–888 (2004). This commentary discusses how the convergence of the obesity epidemic with an ageing population magnifies the risk of sarcopenic obesity, posing unprecedented health challenges and underscoring the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gao, Q. et al. Global prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Nutr. 40, 4633–4641 (2021).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Donini, L. M. et al. Critical appraisal of definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity based on a systematic review. Clin. Nutr. 39, 2368–2388 (2020). This systematic review, sponsored by ESPEN and EASO, examines various definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity across studies, highlighting significant inconsistencies and emphasizing the urgent need for a universally accepted definition, diagnostic standards and relevant cut-off values to improve research, prevalence assessments and intervention strategies.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murdock, D. J. et al. The prevalence of low muscle mass associated with obesity in the USA. Skelet. Muscle 12, 26 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kirwan, R. et al. Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss. Geroscience 42, 1547–1578 (2020).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Montes-Ibarra, M. et al. The impact of long COVID-19 on muscle health. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 38, 545–557 (2022).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Montes-Ibarra, M. et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of abnormal body composition phenotypes in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 117, 1288–1305 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stenholm, S. et al. Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and consequences. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 11, 693–700 (2008).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Siervo, M. et al. Body composition indices of a load-capacity model: gender- and BMI-specific reference curves. Public. Health Nutr. 18, 1245–1254 (2015).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wells, J. C. Historical cohort studies and the early origins of disease hypothesis: making sense of the evidence. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 68, 179–188 (2009).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prado, C. M. M., Wells, J. C. K., Smith, S. R., Stephan, B. C. M. & Siervo, M. Sarcopenic obesity: a critical appraisal of the current evidence. Clin. Nutr. 31, 583–601 (2012). This review highlights the significance of sarcopenic obesity due to its dual metabolic burden, and underscores the inconsistency in study methodologies.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baumgartner, R. N. & Waters, D. L. in Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine (eds Pathy, M. S. J., Sinclair, A. J. & Morley, J. E.) 909–933 (Wiley, 2005).

Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Gonzalez, M. C. & Prado, C. M. Sarcopenia ≠ low muscle mass. Eur. Geriatr. Med. 14, 225–228 (2023).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baumgartner, R. N. Body composition in healthy aging. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 904, 437–448 (2000).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baumgartner, R. N. et al. Sarcopenic obesity predicts instrumental activities of daily living disability in the elderly. Obes. Res. 12, 1995–2004 (2004). This is one of the first studies to show that older adults with sarcopenic obesity are two to three times more likely to experience a decline in daily activity capabilities, underscoring the independent link between sarcopenic obesity and the onset of functional limitations in community-dwelling seniors.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bahat, G., Kilic, C., Ozkok, S., Ozturk, S. & Karan, M. A. Associations of sarcopenic obesity versus sarcopenia alone with functionality. Clin. Nutr. 40, 2851–2859 (2021).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Misra, D. et al. Risk of knee osteoarthritis with obesity, sarcopenic obesity, and sarcopenia. Arthritis Rheumatol. 71, 232–237 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Atmis, V. et al. The relationship between all-cause mortality sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among hospitalized older people. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 31, 1563–1572 (2019).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Batsis, J. A., Mackenzie, T. A., Jones, J. D., Lopez-Jimenez, F. & Bartels, S. J. Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and inflammation: results from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Clin. Nutr. 35, 1472–1483 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chung, J. H., Hwang, H. J., Shin, H.-Y. & Han, C. H. Association between sarcopenic obesity and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly Korean. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 68, 77–84 (2015).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fábrega-Cuadros, R. et al. Associations of sleep and depression with obesity and sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults. Maturitas 142, 1–7 (2020).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gandham, A. et al. Falls, fractures, and areal bone mineral density in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes. Rev. 22, e13187 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gao, Q. et al. Prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenic obesity in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition 101, 111704 (2022).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gortan Cappellari, G. et al. Sarcopenic obesity: what about in the cancer setting? Nutrition 98, 111624 (2022).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ishii, S. et al. The association between sarcopenic obesity and depressive symptoms in older Japanese adults. PLoS ONE 11, e0162898 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frisoli, A. Jr et al. Sarcopenic obesity definitions and their associations with physical frailty in older Brazilian adults: data from the SARCOS study. Arch. Endocrinol. Metab. 67, 361–371 (2023).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Juez, L. D. et al. Impact of sarcopenic obesity on long-term cancer outcomes and postoperative complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 27, 35–46 (2023).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim, M. K. et al. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with sarcopenia in older Koreans, regardless of obesity: the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV) 2009. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 3250–3256 (2011).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kobayashi, A. et al. Impact of sarcopenic obesity on outcomes in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 269, 924–931 (2019).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee, S. E., Park, J.-H., Kim, K.-A., Kang, Y.-S. & Choi, H. S. Association between sarcopenic obesity and pulmonary function in Korean elderly: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Calcif. Tissue Int. 106, 124–130 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liao, C.-D., Huang, S.-W., Huang, Y.-Y. & Lin, C.-L. Effects of sarcopenic obesity and its confounders on knee range of motion outcome after total knee replacement in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study. Nutrients 13, 3817 (2021).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu, C. et al. Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sarcopenic obesity. Obes. Rev. 24, e13534 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mintziras, I. et al. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are significantly associated with poorer overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Surg. 59, 19–26 (2018).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murawiak, M. et al. Sarcopenia, obesity, sarcopenic obesity and risk of poor nutritional status in Polish community-dwelling older people aged 60 years and over. Nutrients 14, 2889 (2022).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pedrazzani, C. et al. Impact of visceral obesity and sarcobesity on surgical outcomes and recovery after laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer. Clin. Nutr. 39, 3763–3770 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pilati, I., Slee, A. & Frost, R. Sarcopenic obesity and depression: a systematic review. J. Frailty Aging 11, 51–58 (2022).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rossi, A. P. et al. Dynapenic abdominal obesity as a predictor of worsening disability, hospitalization, and mortality in older adults: results from the InCHIANTI study. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. 72, 1098–1104 (2017). This study reveals that older adults with dynapenic abdominal obesity have an increased risk of disability progression, hospitalization and death.

Article 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif