NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy (2001) Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA 285:785–795. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.6.785

Acevedo C, Stadelmann VA, Pioletti DP, Alliston T, Ritchie RO (2018) Fatigue as the missing link between bone fragility and fracture. Nat Biomed Eng 2:62–71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-017-0183-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gopinath V (2023) Osteoporosis. Med Clin North Am 107:213–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.013

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Migliorini F, Giorgino R, Hildebrand F, Spiezia F, Peretti GM, Alessandri-Bonetti M, Eschweiler J, Maffulli N (2021) Fragility fractures: risk factors and management in the elderly. Medicina (Kaunas). https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101119

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sakamoto K, Nakamura T, Hagino H, Endo N, Mori S, Muto Y, Harada A, Nakano T, Itoi E, Yoshimura M, Norimatsu H, Yamamoto H, Ochi T (2006) Effects of unipedal standing balance exercise on the prevention of falls and hip fracture among clinically defined high-risk elderly individuals: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sci 11:467–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-006-1057-2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sànchez-Riera L, Wilson N (2017) Fragility fractures & their impact on older people. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 31:169–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2017.10.001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ioannidis G, Papaioannou A, Hopman WM, Akhtar-Danesh N, AIoannidis NT, Pickard L, Kennedy CC, Prior JC, Olszynski WP, Davison KS, Goltzman D, Thabane L, Gafni A, Papadimitropoulos EA, Brown JP, Josse RG, Hanley DA, Adachi JD (2009) Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian multicentre osteoporosis study. CMAJ 181:265–271. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.081720

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Okada C (2002) Physical rehabilitation for osteoporotic fractures. Clin Calcium 12:484–488

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsuboi M, Hasegawa Y, Suzuki S, Wingstrand H, Thorngren KG (2007) Mortality and mobility after hip fracture in Japan: a ten-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br 89:461–466. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.89b4.18552

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Center JR, Bliuc D, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA (2007) Risk of subsequent fracture after low-trauma fracture in men and women. JAMA 297:387–394. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.4.387

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barton DW, Piple AS, Smith CT, Moskal SA, Carmouche JJ (2021) The clinical impact of fracture liaison services: a systematic review. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 12:2151459320979978. https://doi.org/10.1177/2151459320979978

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu CH, Tu ST, Chang YF, Chan DC, Chien JT, Lin CH, Singh S, Dasari M, Chen JF, Tsai KS (2018) Fracture liaison services improve outcomes of patients with osteoporosis-related fractures: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Bone 111:92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.018

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang Y, Huang C, Hwang J, Kuo J, Lin K, Huang H, Bagga S, Kumar A, Chen F, Wu C (2018) Fracture liaison services for osteoporosis in the asia-pacific region: current unmet needs and systematic literature review. Osteoporos Int 29:779–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4347-y

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hawley S, Javaid MK, Prieto-Alhambra D, Lippett J, Sheard S, Arden NK, Cooper C, Judgegroup REs, A (2016) Clinical effectiveness of orthogeriatric and fracture liaison service models of care for hip fracture patients: population-based longitudinal study. Age Ageing 45:236–242. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv204

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murray AW, McQuillan C, Kennon B, Gallacher SJ (2005) Osteoporosis risk assessment and treatment intervention after hip or shoulder fracture. A comparison of two centres in the united kingdom. Injury 36:1080–1084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2005.03.012

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yuan F, Peng W, Yang C, Zheng J (2019) Teriparatide versus bisphosphonates for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Int J Surg 66:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.03.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Curtis EM, Reginster JY, Al-Daghri N, Biver E, Brandi ML et al (2022) Management of patients at very high risk of osteoporotic fractures through sequential treatments (in eng). Aging Clin Exp Res 34:695–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-022-02100-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kostenuik PJ, Binkley N, Anderson PA (2023) Advances in osteoporosis therapy: focus on osteoanabolic agents, secondary fracture prevention, and perioperative bone health. Curr Osteoporos Rep 21:386–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-023-00793-8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Marcus R, Wang O, Satterwhite J, Mitlak B (2003) The skeletal response to teriparatide is largely independent of age, initial bone mineral density, and prevalent vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 18:18–23. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.1.18

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shiraki M, Kuroda T, Miyakawa N, Fujinawa N, Tanzawa K et al (2011) Design of a pragmatic approach to evaluate the effectiveness of concurrent treatment for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures: rationale, aims and organization of a Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial (JOINT) initiated by the Research Group of Adequate Treatment of Osteoporosis (A-TOP) (in eng). J Bone Miner Metab 29:37–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-010-0188-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Genant HK, Wu CY, van Kuijk C, Nevitt MC (1993) Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. J Bone Miner Res 8:1137–1148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650080915

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gallagher JC, Genant HK, Crans GG, Vargas SJ, Krege JH (2005) Teriparatide reduces the fracture risk associated with increasing number and severity of osteoporotic fractures. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:1583–1587. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0826

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ (1992) The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc 40:922–935. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keith RA, Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS (1987) The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil 1:6–18

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang CB, Yang RS, Chang LY, Peng JK, Tsai KS, Huang WJ, Yang TH, Chan DC (2021) One-year outcomes of an osteoporosis liaison services program initiated within a healthcare system. Osteoporos Int 32:2163–2172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-021-05859-w

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frost SA, Kelly A, Gaudin J, Evoy LM, Wilson C, Marov L, El Haddad C, Center J, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV, Hassett G (2020) Establishing baseline absolute risk of subsequent fracture among adults presenting to hospital with a minimal-trauma-fracture. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21:133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-3161-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geusens P, Bours SPG, Wyers CE, van den Bergh JP (2019) Fracture liaison programs. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 33:278–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2019.03.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stephens JR, Caraccio D, Mabry DR, Stepanek KV, Jones MS, Hemsey DF, Moore CR (2021) Implementation of a fracture liaison service for patients with hip fracture cared for on a hospital medicine service (in eng). Hosp Pract (1995) 49:41–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/21548331.2020.1832384

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mori T, Tamiya N, Jin X, Jeon B, Yoshie S, Iijima K, Ishizaki T (2018) Estimated expenditures for hip fractures using merged healthcare insurance data for individuals aged ≥ 75 years and long-term care insurance claims data in Japan. Arch Osteoporos 13:37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-018-0448-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

WHO Study Group on Assessment of Fracture Risk and its Application to Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group (in eng). World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 843:1–129

Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Browner W, Cauley J, Ensrud K, Genant HK, Palermo L, Scott J, Vogt TM (1993) Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. The study of osteoporotic fractures research group. Lancet 341:72–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92555-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, Cauley JA, Genant HK, Mascioli SR, Scott JC, Seeley DG, Steiger P, Vogt TM (1990) Appendicular bone density and age predict hip fracture in women. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group (in eng). JAMA 263:665–668

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hui SL, Slemenda CW, Carey MA, Johnston CC Jr (1995) Choosing between predictors of fractures. J Bone Miner Res 10:1816–1822. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650101126

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nuti R, Brandi ML, Isaia G, Tarantino U, Silvestri S, Adami S (2009) New perspectives on the definition and the management of severe osteoporosis: the patient with two or more fragility fractures. J Endocrinol Invest 32:783–788. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03346537

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Confavreux CB, Paccou J, David C, Mehsen N, Leboime A, Thomas T (2010) Defining treatment failure in severe osteoporosis. Joint Bone Spine 77:S128–S132. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1297-319x(10)70008-7

Article