••Carlson ER, Kademani D, Ward BB, Oreadi D. American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon’s Position Paper on Oral Mucosal Dysplasia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023;81(8):1042–54. This paper contains the AAOMS current recommendations for management of dysplasia

Petti S. Pooled estimate of world leukoplakia prevalence: a systematic review. Oral Oncol. 2003;39(8):770–80.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ranganathan K, Kavitha L. Oral epithelial dysplasia: Classifications and clinical relevance in risk assessment of oral potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019;23(1):19–27.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gupta PC, Mehta FS, Daftary DK, Pindborg JJ, Bhonsle RB, Jalnawalla PN, et al. Incidence rates of oral cancer and natural history of oral precancerous lesions in a 10-year follow-up study of Indian villagers. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1980;8(6):283–333.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van der Waal I. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa; terminology, classification and present concepts of management. Oral Oncol. 2009;45(4–5):317–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marx R.E, Stern D. Oral and maxillofacial pathology: A rationale for diagnosis and treatment. 2nd edition Quintessence: Chicago; 2012. - Google Search. https://www.google.com/search?q=5.+Marx+R.E%2C+Stern+D.+Oral+and+maxillofacial+pathology%3A+A+rationale+for+diagnosis+and+treatment.+2nd+edition+Quintessence%3A+Chicago%3B+2012.&oq=5.%09Marx+R.E%2C+Stern+D.+Oral+and+maxillofacial+pathology%3A+A+rationale+for+diagnosis+and+treatment.+2nd+edition+Quintessence%3A+Chicago%3B+2012.&aqs=chrome..69i57.3550097j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

••AK EN, JKC C, JR G, T T, PJ S. WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours. https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Classification-Of-Tumours/WHO-Classification-Of-Head-And-Neck-Tumours-2017. This is the current WHO classification of dysplasia

Kerr AR, Lodi G. Management of oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Dis. 2021;27(8):2008–25.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pindborg JJ, Renstrup G, Poulsen HE, Silverman S. Studies in oral leukoplakias. V. Clinical and histologic signs of malignancy. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21:407–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silverman S, Bhargava K, Mani NJ, Smith LW, Malaowalla AM. Malignant transformation and natural history of oral leukoplakia in 57,518 industrial workers of Gujarat, India. Cancer. 1976;38(4):1790–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW, van der Waal I. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007;36(10):575–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reichart PA, Philipsen HP. Oral erythroplakia–a review. Oral Oncol. 2005;41(6):551–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rethman MP, Carpenter W, Cohen EEW, Epstein J, Evans CA, Flaitz CM, et al. Evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding screening for oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010;141(5):509–20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Charanya D, Raghupathy LP, Farzana AF, Murugan R, Krishnaraj R, Kalarani G. Adjunctive aids for the detection of oral premalignancy. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2016;8(Suppl 1):S13–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sreeshyla H, Sudheendra U, Shashidara R. Vital tissue staining in the diagnosis of oral precancer and cancer: Stains, technique, utility, and reliability. Clin Cancer Investig J. 2014;3(2):141.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rosen IB, Cornish M, Edelson J. Detection of early oral cancer by toluidine blue. J Can Dent Assoc (Tor). 1971;37(9):347–9.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lingen MW, Kalmar JR, Karrison T, Speight PM. Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the detection of oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2008;44(1):10–22.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patton LL, Epstein JB, Kerr AR. Adjunctive techniques for oral cancer examination and lesion diagnosis: a systematic review of the literature. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139(7):896–905.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Umeda M, Shigeta T, Takahashi H, Minamikawa T, Komatsubara H, Oguni A, et al. Clinical evaluation of Lugol’s iodine staining in the treatment of stage I-II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(6):593–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kurita H, Kamata T, Li X, Nakanishi Y, Shimane T, Koike T. Effectiveness of vital staining with iodine solution in reducing local recurrence after resection of dysplastic or malignant oral mucosa. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;50(2):109–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Epstein JB, Scully C, Spinelli J. Toluidine blue and Lugol’s iodine application in the assessment of oral malignant disease and lesions at risk of malignancy. J Oral Pathol Med. 1992;21(4):160–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farah CS, McCullough MJ. A pilot case control study on the efficacy of acetic acid wash and chemiluminescent illumination (ViziLite) in the visualisation of oral mucosal white lesions. Oral Oncol. 2007;43(8):820–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ram S, Siar CH. Chemiluminescence as a diagnostic aid in the detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant epithelial lesions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34(5):521–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah S, Waknis P, Saha A, Setiya S, Ratra T, Vaswani V. The use of velscope to assess cellular changes occuring in oral premalignancy. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2020;10(2):99–103.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sciubba JJ. Improving detection of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions. Computer-assisted analysis of the oral brush biopsy. U.S. Collaborative OralCDx Study Group. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999;130(10):1445–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Potter TJ, Summerlin DJ, Campbell JH. Oral malignancies associated with negative transepithelial brush biopsy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;61(6):674–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gupta S, Jawanda MK, Madhushankari GS. Current challenges and the diagnostic pitfalls in the grading of epithelial dysplasia in oral potentially malignant disorders: a review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2020;10(4):788–99.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Muller S, Tilakaratne WM. Update from the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors Tumours of the Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue. Head Neck Pathol. 2022;16(1):54–62.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thompson LDR, Fitzpatrick SG, Müller S, Eisenberg E, Upadhyaya JD, Lingen MW, et al. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: an expert consensus guideline for standardized assessment and reporting. Head Neck Pathol. 2021;15(2):572–87.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Upadhyaya JD, Fitzpatrick SG, Cohen DM, Bilodeau EA, Bhattacharyya I, Lewis JS, et al. Inter-observer variability in the diagnosis of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: clinical implications for oral and maxillofacial surgeon understanding: a collaborative pilot study. Head and Neck Pathol. 2020;14(1):156–65.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mahmood H, Shaban M, Indave BI, Santos-Silva AR, Rajpoot N, Khurram SA. Use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis of head and neck precancerous and cancerous lesions: a systematic review. Oral Oncol. 2020;1(110): 104885.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nguyen PTH, Sakamoto K, Ikeda T. Deep-learning application for identifying histological features of epithelial dysplasia of tongue. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, Med, Pathol. 2022;34(4):514–22.

Article  Google Scholar 

•Liu Y, Bilodeau E, Pollack B, Batmanghelich K. Automated detection of premalignant oral lesions on whole slide images using convolutional neural networks. Oral Oncology. 2022;134:106109. This articles is importance since it shows the potential future of diagnosis.

Vedtofte P, Holmstrup P, Hjørting-Hansen E, Pindborg JJ. Surgical treatment of premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1987;16(6):656–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holmstrup P, Vedtofte P, Reibel J, Stoltze K. Long-term treatment outcome of oral premalignant lesions. Oral Oncol. 2006;42(5):461–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.08.011.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schoelch ML, Sekandari N, Regezi JA, Silverman S. Laser management of oral leukoplakias: a follow-up study of 70 patients. Laryngoscope. 1999;109(6):949–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saito T, Sugiura C, Hirai A, Notani K, Totsuka Y, Shindoh M, et al. Development of squamous cell carcinoma from pre-existent oral leukoplakia: with respect to treatment modality. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;30(1):49–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amagasa T, Yamashiro M, Ishikawa H. Oral leukoplakia related to malignant transformation. Oral Sci Int. 2006;3(2):45–55.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang L, Poh CF, Lam WL, Epstein JB, Cheng X, Zhang X, et al. Impact of localized treatment in reducing risk of progression of low-grade oral dysplasia: molecular evidence of incomplete resection. Oral Oncol. 2001;37(6):505–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schwab M, editor. Dysplasia. In: Encyclopedia of Cancer. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 1178–1178. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_1765

Gupta SR, Xess I, Singh G, Sharma A, Gupta N, Mani K, et al. Therapeutic implications of candida phenotypes, virulence factors and antifungal sensitivity in Oral leukoplakia. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2021;11(2):354–60.

Article