*Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

†The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.

Departments of ‡Surgery

∥Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

§Division of Surgical Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD

Supported by the Murtha Cancer Center Research Program (MCCRP) of the Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) under the auspices of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF Inc.), grant numbers HHU0001-16-2-0014 and HU0001-18-2-0032 awarded to C.D.S.

Y.L.E. and K.Z.: developed study concept and study design; K.Z. and C.D.S.: achieved project funding and data acquisition; M.G.: informed study methodology; Y.L.E. and S.D.: performed data processing preparatory to analysis; S.D.: completed data analysis; Y.L.E., S.D., M.M.G., K.Z., and C.D.S.: performed the interpretation of data.

The contents of this manuscript are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, assertions, opinions, or policies of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., the Department of Defense, or the Departments of the Army, Navy, or Air Force. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US government.

Y.L.E., S.D., and K.Z. are/were employed by the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. at the time work was performed. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Correspondence: Kangmin Zhu, MD, PhD, Associate Director for Military and Population Sciences, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program (MCCRP), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 310, Bethesda 20817, MD. E-mail: [email protected].