Author Affiliations: Assistant Professor (Dr Saiki), Department of Advanced Clinical Nursing, Frontier Clinical Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University; Director of Nursing and Advisor to the Director of the University of Tokyo Hospital (Dr Takemura), Nursing Department, The University of Tokyo Hospital; and Associate Professor (Dr Kunie), Department of Nursing Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan.

M.S. received a grant from the Sasakawa Health Foundation (2020A-009). The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Correspondence: Masatoshi Saiki, PhD, RN, PHN, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8672, Japan ([email protected]).

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