Allen, L.R., L.B. Watson, A.M. Egan, and C.N. Moser. 2019. Well-being and suicidality among transgender youth after gender-affirming hormones. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology 7(3): 302–311.
American Academy of Pediatrics. 2022. Statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics on gender-affirming care. https://www.aap.org/en/news-room/news-releases/aap/2022/statement-from-the-american-academy-of-pediatrics-and-the-oklahoma-chapter-of-the-american-academy-of-pediatrics-on-gender-affirming-care/#:~:text=The%20American%20Academy%20of%20Pediatrics%2C%20along%20with%20its%20Oklahoma%20Chapter,transgender%20and%20gender%20diverse%20youth. Accessed May 9, 2023.
American College of Physicians. 2022. Attacks on gender-affirming and transgender health care. https://www.acponline.org/advocacy/state-health-policy/attacks-on-gender-affirming-and-transgender-health-care. Accessed May 9, 2023.
American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Anjum, R.L., and S.D. Mumford. 2017. A philosophical argument against evidence-based policy. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 23(5): 1045–1050.
Ashley, F. 2019. Gatekeeping hormone replacement therapy for transgender patients is dehumanizing. Journal of Medical Ethics 45(7): 480–482.
Ashley, F. 2020. A critical commentary on “rapid-onset gender dysphoria.” Sociological Review 68(4): 779–799.
Ashley, F. 2021. The clinical irrelevance of “desistance” research for transgender and gender creative youth. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 9(4): 387–397.
———. 2022. Adolescent medical transition is ethical: An analogy with reproductive health. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 32(2): 127–171.
Ashley, F., D.M. Tordoff, J. Olson-Kennedy, and A.J. Restar. 2023. Randomized-controlled trials are methodologically inappropriate in adolescent transgender healthcare. International Journal of Transgender Health, ePub ahead of print, June 24. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2023.2218357.
Baker, J.T., B.R. Cusanno, and M. Dean. 2023. Dilemmas in patient-clinician communication about do-it-yourself hormone therapy: A qualitative study. SSM – Qualitative Research in Health 3: 100213.
Baron, T., and G. Dierckxsens. 2022. Two dilemmas for medical ethics in the treatment of gender dysphoria in youth. Journal of Medical Ethics 48(9): 603–607.
Barratt, J. 2016. Doctors are failing to help people with gender dysphoria. BMJ 352: i694.
Beauchamp, T.L., and J.F. Childress. 2001. The principles of biomedical ethics, 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bell, K. 2021. Keira Bell: My story. Persuasion, April 7. https://www.persuasion.community/p/keira-bell-my-story. Accessed May 9, 2023.
Bettcher, T.M. 2009. Trans identities and first-person authority. In You’ve changed: Sex reassignment and personal identity, edited by L. Shrage, 98–120. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brik, T., L.J.J.J. Vrouenraets, M.C. de Vries, and S.E. Hannema. 2020. Trajectories of adolescents treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues for gender dysphoria. Archives of Sexual Behavior 49(7): 2611–2618.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Brown, C. 2021. Exploring trans people’s experiences of adoption and fostering in the United Kingdom: A qualitative study. International Journal of Transgender Health 22(1–2): 89–100.
Bungener, S.L., A.L. C. de Vries, A. Popma, and T.D. Steensma. 2020. Sexual experiences of young transgender persons during and after gender-affirmative treatment. Pediatrics 146(6): e20191411.
Carmichael, P., G. Butler, U. Masic, et al. 2021. Short-term outcomes of pubertal suppression in a selected cohort of 12 to 15 year old young people with persistent gender dysphoria in the UK. PLoS ONE 16(2): e0243894.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen, D., J. Berona, Y.M. Chan, et al. 2023. Psychosocial functioning in transgender youth after 2 years of hormones. New England Journal of Medicine 388(3): 240–250.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cheng, P.J., A.W. Pastuszak, J.B. Myers, I.A. Goodwin, and J.M. Hotaling. 2019. Fertility concerns of the transgender patient. Translational Andrology and Urology 8(3): 209–218.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chew, D., J. Anderson, K. Williams, T. May, and K. Pang. 2018. Hormonal treatment in young people with gender dysphoria: A systematic review. Pediatrics 141(4): e20173742.
Clark, B.A., and A. Virani. 2021. “This wasn’t a split-second decision”: An empirical ethical analysis of transgender youth capacity, rights, and authority to consent to hormone therapy. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 18(1): 151–164.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cohen-Kettenis, P.T., and S.H. van Goozen. 1997. Sex reassignment of adolescent transsexuals: A follow-up study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36(2): 263–271.
Cowley, C. 2005. The dangers of medical ethics. Journal of Medical Ethics 31(12): 739–742.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cummings, C.L., and M.R. Mercurio. 2010. Ethics for the pediatrician: Autonomy, beneficence, and rights. Pediatrics in Review 31(6): 252–255.
de Freitas, L.D., G. Léda-Rêgo, S. Bezerra-Filho, and Â. Miranda-Scippa. 2020. Psychiatric disorders in individuals diagnosed with gender dysphoria: A systematic review. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 74(2): 99–104.
de Vries, A.L.C., J.K. McGuire, T.D. Steensma, E.C.F. Wagenaar, T.A.H. Doreleijers, and P. T. Cohen-Kettenis. 2014. Young adult psychological outcome after puberty suppression and gender reassignment. Pediatrics 134(4): 696–704.
de Vries, A.L.C., T.D. Steensma, T.A.H. Doreleijers, and P.T. Cohen-Kettenis. 2011. Puberty suppression in adolescents with gender identity disorder: A prospective follow-up study. Journal of Sexual Medicine 8(8): 2276–2283.
Deaton, A., and N. Cartwright. 2018. Understanding and misunderstanding randomized controlled trials. Social Science and Medicine 210: 2–21.
Dhejne, C., R. Van Vlerken, G. Heylens, and J. Arcelus. 2016. Mental health and gender dysphoria: A review of the literature. International Review of Psychiatry 28(1): 44–57.
Drummond, K.D., S.J. Bradley, M. Peterson-Badali, and K.J. Zucker. 2008. A follow-up study of girls with gender identity disorder. Developmental Psychology 44(1): 34–45.
Fix-Cañas, L.F., L. Mathew, V. Reddy, M. Kavenagh, J. Pearce, and C. Soares. 2022. What impacts do legally established minimum ages for providing consent to sexual activity have on young people? Our Voices. https://www.our-voices.org.uk/news/2022/what-impacts-do-legally-established-minimum-ages-for-providing-consent-to-sexual-activity-have-on-young-people. Accessed 13 Dec 2023.
Fleming, C. 2006. Young people and the Fraser guidelines: Confidentiality and consent. The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist 8(4): 235–239.
Free, C. 2005. Advice about sexual health for young people. BMJ 330(7483): 107–108.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fricker, M., and K. Jenkins. 2017. Epistemic injustice, ignorance, and trans experiences. In The Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy, edited by A. Garry, S.J. Khader, and A. Stone, 268–278. London: Routledge.
Frieden, T. R. 2017. Evidence for health decision making—Beyond randomized, controlled trials. New England Journal of Medicine 377(5): 465–475.
Gillon, R. 1994. Medical ethics: Four principles plus attention to scope. BMJ 309(6948): 184–188.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Giordano, S., and S. Holm. 2020. Is puberty delaying treatment “experimental treatment”? International Journal of Transgender Health 21(2): 113–121.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Good Law Project. 2023. We are just people too. Good Law Project, February 21. https://goodlawproject.org/case/we-are-just-people-too/. Accessed May 9, 2023.
Grannis, C., S.F. Leibowitz, S. Gahn, et al. 2021. Testosterone treatment, internalizing symptoms, and body image dissatisfaction in transgender boys. Psychoneuroendocrinology 132: e105358.
Green, A.E., J.P. DeChants, M.N. Price, and C.K. Davis. 2022. Association of gender-affirming hormone therapy with depression, thoughts of suicide, and attempted suicide among transgender and nonbinary youth. Journal of Adolescent Health 70(4): 643–649.
Griffin, L., K. Clyde, R. Byng, and S. Bewley. 2021. Sex, gender and gender identity: a re-evaluation of the evidence. BJPsych Bulletin 45(5): 291–299.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Grossman, J., and F.J. Mackenzie. 2005. The randomized controlled trial: Gold standard, or merely standard? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 48(4): 516–534.
Guyatt, G.H., A.D. Oxman, G.E. Vist, et al. 2008. GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 336(7650): 924–926.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hembree, W.C., P.T. Cohen-Kettenis, L. Gooren, et al. 2017. Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 102(11): 3869–3903.
Hines, S. 2020. Sex wars and (trans) gender panics: Identity and body politics in contemporary UK feminism. Sociological Review 68(4): 699–717.
Home Office. 2004. Children and families: Safer from sexual crime – The Sexual Offences Act 2003. London: Home Office Communications Directorate.
Hughto, J.M.W., S.L. Reisner, and J.E. Pachankis. 2015. Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions. Social Science and Medicine 147: 222–231.
Jackson, S.S., J. Brown, R.M. Pfeiffer, et al. 2023. Analysis of mortality among transgender and gender diverse adults in England. JAMA Network Open 6(1): e2253687.
留言 (0)