Lisa R. LaRowe, PhD, is Instructor in Investigation, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

Christine Miaskowski, RN, PhD, FAAN, is Professor, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco.

Angela Miller, MA, is Senior Data Analyst, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

Andrea Mayfield, MPH, is Senior Research Director, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois.

Francis J. Keefe, PhD, is Professor, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.

Alexander K. Smith, MD, MS, MPH, is Professor, Division of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center.

Bruce A. Cooper, PhD, is Research Data Analyst, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco.

Lee-Jen Wei, PhD, is Professor, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

Christine S. Ritchie, MD, MSPH, is Professor, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

Accepted for publication May 19, 2023.

The National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; Award No. R01AG064947) supported the research reported in this article. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the institutional review board at Massachusetts General Hospital (#2021P002387).

The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

Corresponding author: Lisa R. LaRowe, PhD, Mongan Institute Center for Aging and Serious Illness, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 1600, Boston, MA 02114 (e-mail: [email protected]).

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