Patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) have been shown to present balance disorders and a history of falling, which are associated with functional and daily life impairments. Although postural control improvement is an important outcome, the benefits of supervised exercise training (SET) on postural control have been seldom investigated in these patients. This article investigates the effects of SET on traditional measures of postural control and on stabilogram-diffusion analysis (SDA) parameters in patients with symptomatic PAD. Patients with symptomatic chronic lower limb claudication were investigated. All subjects who completed the 3-month multimodal SET program and postural control assessment before and after SET were included. Center of pressure trajectory analysis and SDA parameters were investigated using a posturographic platform. Patients were instructed to stand on the platform and maintain balance to their best ability. Treadmill pain-free (PFWD) and maximal (MWD) walking distances were also assessed prior and following SET. Forty-four patients with PAD (65.2 ± 9.8 years, 34% women) were investigated. All postural control parameters were unchanged following SET, except the length of center of pressure displacement as a function of the surface of center of pressure trajectory (LFS), which was significantly increased (before SET: 1.4 ± 0.4; after SET: 1.5 ± 0.5; p = 0.042). PFWD (before SET: 103.5 ± 77.9 m; after SET: 176.8 ± 130.6 m; p ≤ 0.001) and MWD (before SET: 383.6 ± 272.0 m; after SET: 686.4 ± 509.0 m; p ≤ 0.001) significantly improved following SET. The increased LFS suggests a better postural control accuracy following SET in patients with symptomatic PAD.