Al-Mohrej OA, Petrisor B (2023) Foot and ankle outcome instruments: missing the target. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 16:246–254

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Altomare D, Fusco G, Bertolino E, Ranieri R, Sconza C, Lipina M et al (2022) Evidence-based treatment choices for acute lateral ankle sprain: a comprehensive systematic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 26:1876–1884

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

An L, Yan Y (2021) MRI-based diagnosis of anterior talofibular ligament injury. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 31:1369–1371

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Angirasa AK, Barrett MJ (2008) Talar anchor placement for modified Brostrom lateral ankle stabilization procedure. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98:473–476

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barg A, Pagenstert GI, Hugle T, Gloyer M, Wiewiorski M, Henninger HB et al (2013) Ankle osteoarthritis: etiology, diagnostics, and classification. Foot Ankle Clin 18:411–426

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barini M, Zagaria D, Licandro D, Pansini S, Airoldi C, Leigheb M et al (2021) Magnetic resonance accuracy in the diagnosis of anterior talo-fibular ligament acute injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 11:1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101782

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cai Y, Li S, Chen S, Hua Y, Shan J (2017) An ultrasound classification of anterior talofibular tigament (ATFL) Injury. Open Orthop J 11:610–616

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cao Y, Hong Y, Xu Y, Zhu Y, Xu X (2018) Surgical management of chronic lateral ankle instability: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 13:159

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

D’Hooghe P, Cruz F, Alkhelaifi K (2020) Return to play after a lateral ligament ankle sprain. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 13:281–288

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dalmau-Pastor M, El-Daou H, Stephen JM, Vega J, Malagelada F, Calder J (2023) Clinical relevance and function of anterior talofibular ligament superior and inferior fascicles: a robotic study. Am J Sports Med 51:2169–2175

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deng E, Shi W, Jiao C, Xie X, Jiang D, Chen L et al (2019) Reattachment of the superior peroneal retinaculum versus the bone block procedure for the treatment of recurrent peroneal tendon dislocation: two safe and effective techniques. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 27:2877–2883

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Du M, Li J, Jiao C, Guo Q, Hu Y, Jiang D (2022) Distal insertion rupture of lateral ankle ligament as a predictor of weakened and delayed sports recovery after acute ligament repair: mid-term outcomes of 117 cases. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 23:294. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-12022-05260-12896

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Elghawy AA, Sesin C, Rosselli M (2018) Osteochondral defects of the talus with a focus on platelet-rich plasma as a potential treatment option: a review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 4:e000318

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Feng SM, Sun QQ, Wang AG, Zhang ZY, Hao L (2021) Long-term functional outcomes of all-inside arthroscopic repair of anterior talofibular ligament avulsion fracture. Foot Ankle Surg 27:156–161

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hasegawa A, Kimura M, Tomizawa S, Shirakura K (1996) Separated ossicles of the lateral malleolus. Clin Orthop Relat Res 330:157–165

Article  Google Scholar 

Herzog MM, Kerr ZY, Marshall SW, Wikstrom EA (2019) Epidemiology of ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train 54:603–610

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jungmann PM, Lange T, Wenning M, Baumann FA, Bamberg F, Jung M (2023) Ankle sprains in athletes: current epidemiological, clinical and imaging trends. Open Access J Sports Med 14:29–46. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S397634

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kemmochi M, Sasaki S, Fujisaki K, Oguri Y, Kotani A, Ichimura S (2016) A new classification of anterior talofibular ligament injuries based on ultrasonography findings. J Orthop Sci 21:770–778

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim YS, Kim YB, Kim TG, Lee SW, Park SH, Lee HJ et al (2015) Reliability and validity of magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of the anterior talofibular ligament in patients undergoing ankle arthroscopy. Arthroscopy 31:1540–1547

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kose O, May H, Acar B, Unal M (2018) Symptomatic os talus secundarius: a case report and review of the literature. Skeletal Radiol 47:553–562

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kumai T, Takakura Y, Rufai A, Milz S, Benjamin M (2002) The functional anatomy of the human anterior talofibular ligament in relation to ankle sprains. J Anat 200:457–465

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Su T, Hu Y, Jiao C, Guo Q, Jiang Y et al (2023) Return to sport after anatomic lateral ankle stabilization surgery for chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med [published online ahead of print, 30 May 2023]

Ling SKK, Chan V, Ho K, Ling F, Lui TH (2018) Reliability and validity analysis of the open-source Chinese Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Foot (Edinb) 35:48–51

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nunes GA, Ferreira GF, Caetano RM, Mann TS, Guelfi M (2022) All-inside arthroscopic repair of the anterior talofibular ligament: a case series. Int Orthop 46:273–279

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nunes GA, Martinez LM, Cordier G, Michels F, Vega J, Moreno RS et al (2023) The ATFL inferior fascicle, the CFL and the PTFL have a continuous footprint at the medial side of the fibula. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-023-07556-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pi Y, Hu Y, Jiao C, Ao Y, Guo Q (2019) Optimal outcomes for acute avulsion fracture of the Achilles tendon treated with the insertional reattachment technique: a case series of 31 cases with over 2 years of follow-up. Am J Sports Med 47:2993–3001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rammelt S, Manke E, Prescher A (2020) Talus secundarius: case series. Foot Ankle Int 41:596–604

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Su T, Wang AH, Guo QW, Zhu YC, Jiang YF, Hu YL et al (2023) Both open and arthroscopic all-inside anatomic reconstruction with autologous gracilis tendon restore ankle stability in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability. Arthroscopy 39:1035–1045

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Veiga Sanhudo JA, Ferkel E, Mendes A, de Carvalho K (2023) Chronic lateral ankle instability: can we get even better with surgical treatment? Foot Ankle Clin 28:321–332

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wei S, Tang M, Li W, Zhi X, Xu F, Cai X (2021) Arthroscopic suture-bridge repair technique for an avulsion of the talar insertion of the anterior talofibular ligament. J Foot Ankle Surg. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2021.10.031

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wei Y, Song J, Yun X, Zhang Z, Qi W, Wei M (2022) Outcomes of Single-Stage Versus Staged Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions in Patients With Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: A Prospective Randomized Study. Orthop J Sports Med 10:23259671211069908

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

White WJ, McCollum GA, Calder JD (2016) Return to sport following acute lateral ligament repair of the ankle in professional athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 24:1124–1129

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xiong S, Xie X, Guo Q (2022) Anatomic anterior talofibular ligament repair: letter to the editor. Am J Sports Med 50:NP61

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xiong S, Xie X, Shi W, Chen L, Jiang D, Jiao C et al (2022) Treatment of symptomatic subfibular ossicle by excision and modified Brostrom procedure for skeletally immature patients. Foot Ankle Int 43:1554–1561

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang S, Jing L, Chen L, Zhao F, Pi Y, Jiang D et al (2023) Favourable clinical, arthroscopic and radiographic outcomes after autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation for massive medial cystic osteochondral defects of the talus. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-023-07397-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang Z, Cui L, Tao S, Zhao J, Wang L, Zhang F et al (2022) Comparisons between ankle distraction arthroplasty and supramalleolar osteotomy for treatment of post-traumatic varus ankle osteoarthritis. BMC Surg 22:178

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zwiers R, de Leeuw PAJ, Kerkhoffs G, van Dijk CN (2017) A rare cause of lateral ankle pain: a symptomatic talus secundarius. Foot Ankle Surg 23:e20–e24

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar