Risk Assessment biomarkers have also been associated with cancer genetic susceptibility and can predict the chances of BC in women. Proteins, gene mutations (changes), gene rearrangements, extra gene copies, defective genes, and other factors are examples of cancer biomarkers that health professionals say are designed for early detection of BC (Figure 3).

Figure 3:
Types of biomarkers used for breast cancer.

Detection/Screening Biomarkers are associated with the screening and detection of cancer and provide information on cancerous cells. In addition to the response to the presence of a tumor by producing antibodies, shedding serum proteins, circulating malignant cells, and nucleotide sequences into the circulation. The diagnostic biomarker is a biopsy method to identify breast cancer, biomarkers aid with determining the main origin of the tumor. Diagnose and prognosis biomarkers are measurable properties that assist clinical oncology scientists in their first encounter with a patient with suspected cancer.7 Such as early diagnosing, selecting the appropriate treatment method, and tracking response to therapy.8

The prognostic biomarker is one that indicates progression or disease condition which predicts the upcoming clinical event of cancer.

Predicting Biomarkers can be used to forecast a patient’s reaction to medicine or to determine the best dosage. The result predicts the severity or recovery of the patient to the therapy.

Monitoring biomarkers can be used to monitor the treatment progression, side effects, and recovery repeatedly. Key technologies such as the availability of complete human genome sequences, advanced high-throughput DNA sequencing, microarrays, mass spectrometry, and the excess of potentially beneficial cancer biomarkers are the sequences of DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites. and provides information about expression levels.9

Genetic Biochemical Methods provides precise and susceptible details about the genetic changes that were very beneficial in the recognition of tumours.10

For example, with enrichment (Biomarker-positive patients) and randomised controlled trials of pre-approved studies of tumour drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) requiring pharmacological genomics biomarker testing, and with biomarker treatment-interaction The FDA’s table contained 137 medicines, and 22 cancer treatments required genetic testing on labels selected from among them. These drugs have responded to 35 approvals backed by 80 clinical trials included in the FDA’s medical officer efficacy assessment. All clinical trials were limited to biomarker-positive patients in two-thirds (24/35 or 69%) of the approvals. Biomarker treatment interactions were statistically significant with three approvals, but not with two. Three out of the six approvals, which include non-enriched randomised controlled trials, showed statistically significant biomarker treatment interactions.11