J.P. Bilezikian, Primary hyperparathyroidism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 103, 3993–4004 (2018)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

M. Chandran, L.T.L. Yeh, M.C. de Jong, J.P. Bilezikian, R. Parameswaran, Cognitive deficits in primary hyperparathyroidism – what we know and what we do not know: a narrative review. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 23, 1079–1087 (2022)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

F.J. Lorenz et al. Analysis of time to diagnosis and outcomes among adults with primary hyperparathyroidism. JAMA Netw. Open 5, e2248332 (2022)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

A. al Zahrani, M.A. Levine, Primary hyperparathyroidism. Lancet 349(9060), 1233–1238 (1997). Apr 26

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

S.A. Roman et al. The effects of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone changes on psychological and cognitive function in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann. Surg. 253, 131–137 (2011)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

J.P. Bilezikian et al. Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the fourth international workshop. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 3561–3569 (2014)

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

S.M. Wilhelm et al. The American Association of Endocrine surgeons guidelines for definitive management of primary hyperparathyroidism. JAMA Surg. 151, 959 (2016)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

H. Ejlsmark-Svensson, T. Sikjaer, S.M. Webb, L. Rejnmark, L. Rolighed, Health-related quality of life improves 1 year after parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism: a prospective cohort study. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 90, 184–191 (2019)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

J. La et al. Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism improves sleep quality: a prospective study. Surgery 161, 25–34 (2017)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

G. Prager et al. Parathyroidectomy improves concentration and retentiveness in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery 132, 930–936 (2002)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

C.Y. Chiang et al. A controlled, prospective study of neuropsychological outcomes post parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroid patients. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 62, 99–104 (2005)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

K. Tsukahara, I. Sugitani, Y. Fujimoto, K. Kawabata, Surgery did not improve the subjective neuropsychological symptoms of patients with incidentally detected mild primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 265, 565–569 (2008)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

S.M. Romanella et al. Sleep, noninvasive brain stimulation, and the aging brain: challenges and opportunities. Ageing Res. Rev. 61, 101067 (2020)

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

J.R. Winer et al. Sleep as a potential biomarker of tau and β-amyloid burden in the human brain. J. Neurosci. 39, 6315–6324 (2019)

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

H. Malkki, Sleep alleviates AD-related neuropathological processes. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 9, 657–657 (2013)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

H.R. Joo, L.M. Frank, The hippocampal sharp wave–ripple in memory retrieval for immediate use and consolidation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 19, 744–757 (2018)

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

G. Girardeau, M. Zugaro, Hippocampal ripples and memory consolidation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 21, 452–459 (2011)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

N.D. Perrier et al. Prospective, randomized, controlled trial of parathyroidectomy versus observation in patients with “asymptomatic” primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery 146, 1116–1122 (2009)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

M.D. Walker et al. Neuropsychological features in primary hyperparathyroidism: a prospective study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 1951–1958 (2009)

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Y. Gazes et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 183, 21–30 (2020)

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

M.P. Björkman, A.J. Sorva, R.S. Tilvis, Does elevated parathyroid hormone concentration predict cognitive decline in older people? Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 22, 164–169 (2010)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

D.P. MacKinnon, A.J. Fairchild, M.S. Fritz, Mediation analysis. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 58, 593–614 (2007)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

M.F. Folstein, S.E. Folstein, P.R. McHugh, Mini-mental state. J. Psychiatr. Res. 12, 189–198 (1975)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

T.N. Tombaugh, N.J. McIntyre, The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 40(9), 922–935 (1992)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

T. Mollayeva et al. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and non-clinical samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. Med. Rev. 25, 52–73 (2016)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

K.J. Preacher, A.F. Hayes, SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 36, 717–731 (2004)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

L.H. Coker et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism, cognition, and health-related quality of life. Ann. Surg. 242, 642–650 (2005)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

D. Repplinger, S. Schaefer, H. Chen, R.S. Sippel, Neurocognitive dysfunction: a predictor of parathyroid hyperplasia. Surgery 146, 1138–1143 (2009)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

S. Harvey, S. Hayer, Parathyroid hormone binding sites in the brain. Peptides 14, 1187–1191 (1993)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

T.B. Usdin, C. Gruber, T.I. Bonner, Identification and functional expression of a receptor selectively recognizing parathyroid hormone, the PTH2 receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 15455–15458 (1995)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

L. Coutellier, A. Logemann, J. Kuo, M. Rusnak, T.B. Usdin, TIP39 modulates effects of novelty-induced arousal on memory. Genes Brain Behav. 10, 90–99 (2011)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

T.B. Usdin, S.R.J. Hoare, T. Wang, É. Mezey, J.A. Kowalak, TIP39: a new neuropeptide and PTH2-receptor agonist from hypothalamus. Nat. Neurosci. 2, 941–943 (1999)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

G. Venkatesh, V. Sankar, M. Ramanathan, Molecular mechanism of tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 on glucocorticoid receptor mediated glutamate/GABA imbalance and cerebral abnormalities against cognitive deficit model. J. Pharm. Pharm. 71, 996–1006 (2019)

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

B. Febrero, J.J. Ruiz-Manzanera, I. Ros-Madrid, E. Teruel, J.M. Rodríguez, Quality of life, mood and sleep quality in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Impact of socio-personal and clinical profile. Ann. Endocrinol. 84, 1–7 (2023)

Article  Google Scholar 

F. Chapotot, C. Gronfier, K. Spiegel, R. Luthringer, G. Brandenberger, Relationships between intact parathyroid hormone 24-h profiles, sleep-wake cycle, and sleep electroencephalographic activity in man. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81(10), 3759–3765 (1996).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

S.A. Safley et al. Interleukin-6 production and secretion by human parathyroids. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 136, 145–156 (2004)

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

M.R. Irwin, Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 19, 702–715 (2019)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

L. Khrimian, A. Obri, M. Ramos-Brossier, A. Rousseaud, S. Moriceau, A.S. Nicot, P. Mera, S. Kosmidis, T. Karnavas, F. Saudou, X.B. Gao, F. Oury, E. Kandel, G. Karsenty, Gpr158 mediates osteocalcin’s regulation of cognition. J. Exp. Med. 214(10), 2859–2873 (2017).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

C. Shan, A. Ghosh, X.Z. Guo, S.M. Wang, Y.F. Hou, S.T. Li, J.M. Liu, Roles for osteocalcin in brain signalling: implications in cognition- and motor-related disorders. Mol. Brain 12(1), 23 (2019).