M. Niedziela, Thyroid nodules. Best. Pr. Res Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 28, 245–277 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2013.08.007
J.L. Sandy, A. Titmuss, S. Hameed, Y.H. Cho, G. Sandler, P. Benitez-Aguirre, Thyroid nodules in children and adolescents: Investigation and management. J. Paediatr. Child Health 58, 2163–2168 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.16257
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
M. Goldfarb, C. Dinauer, Differences in the management of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents as compared to adults. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes. 29, 466–473 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000754
C.E. Cherella, T.E. Angell, D.M. Richman, M.C. Frates, C.B. Benson, F.D. Moore, J.A. Barletta, M. Hollowell, J.R. Smith, E.K. Alexander, E.S. Cibas, A.J. Wassner, Differences in thyroid nodule cytology and malignancy risk between children and adults. Thyroid 29, 1097–1104 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2018.0728
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
A. Corrias, A. Mussa, F. Baronio, T. Arrigo, M. Salerno, M. Segni, M.C. Vigone, R. Gastaldi, G. Zirilli, G. Tuli, L. Beccaria, L. Iughetti, S. Einaudi, G. Weber, F. De Luca, A. Cassio; Study Group for Thyroid Diseases of Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP/ISPED), Diagnostic features of thyroid nodules in pediatrics. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med 164, 714–719 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.114
A. Mussa, M.C. Salerno, G. Bona, M. Wasniewska, M. Segni, A. Cassio, M.C. Vigone, R. Gastaldi, L. Iughetti, A. Santanera, D. Capalbo, P. Matarazzo, F. De Luca, G. Weber, A. Corrias, Serum thyrotropin concentration in children with isolated thyroid nodules. J. Pediatr. 163, 1465–1470 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.07.003
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
R. Roy, G. Kouniavsky, E. Schneider, J.D. Allendorf, J.A. Chabot, P. Logerfo, A.P. Dackiw, P. Colombani, M.A. Zeiger, J.A. Lee, Predictive factors of malignancy in pediatric thyroid nodules. Surgery 150, 1228–1233 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2011.09.023
C.E. Cherella, H.A. Feldman, M. Hollowell, D.M. Richman, E.S. Cibas, J.R. Smith, T.E. Angell, Z. Wang, E.K. Alexander, A.J. Wassner, Natural history and outcomes of cytologically benign thyroid nodules in children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 103, 3557–3565 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00895
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
G. Tuli, J. Munarin, E. Agosto, P. Matarazzo, F. Quaglino, A. Mormile, L. de Sanctis, Predictive factors of malignancy in pediatric patients with thyroid nodules and performance of the Italian classification (SIAPEC 2014) in the outcome of the cytological FNA categories. Endocrine 74, 365–374 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02784-0
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
G. Keefe, K. Culbreath, C.E. Cherella, J.R. Smith, B. Zendejas, R.C. Shamberger, D.M. Richman, M.L. Hollowell, B.P. Modi, A.J. Wassner, Autoimmune thyroiditis and risk of malignancy in children with thyroid nodules. Thyroid 32, 1109–1117 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2022.0241
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
C.A. Lebbink, T.P. Links, A. Czarniecka, R.P. Dias, R. Elisei, L. Izatt, H. Krude, K. Lorenz, M. Luster, K. Newbold, A. Piccardo, M. Sobrinho-Simões, T. Takano, A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg, F.A. Verburg, H.M. van Santen, 2022 European Thyroid Association Guidelines for the management of pediatric thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur. Thyroid J. 11, e220146 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0146
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
G.L. Francis, S.G. Waguespack, A.J. Bauer, P. Angelos, S. Benvenga, J.M. Cerutti, C.A. Dinauer, J. Hamilton, I.D. Hay, M. Luster, M.T. Parisi, M. Rachmiel, G.B. Thompson, S. Yamashita; American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force, Management guidelines for children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 25, 716–759 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2014.0460
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
A. Cozzolino, T. Filardi, I. Simonelli, G. Grani, C. Virili, I. Stramazzo, M.G. Santaguida, P. Locantore, M. Maurici, D. Gianfrilli, A.M. Isidori, C. Durante, C. Pozza, Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic features in detecting thyroid cancer in the transition age: a meta-analysis. Eur. Thyroid J. 11, e220039 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-22-0039
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
G. Zirilli, L. Cannavò, F. Vermiglio, M.A. Violi, F. Luca, M. Wasniewska, Differentiated thyroid carcinoma presentation may be more aggressive in children and adolescents than in young adults. Ital. J. Pediatr. 44, 13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-018-0455-3
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
A.J. Bauer, Pediatric thyroid cancer: genetics, therapeutics and outcome. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 49, 589–611 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2020.08.001
M.E. Nikita, W. Jiang, S.M. Cheng, F.M. Hantash, M.J. McPhaul, R.O. Newbury, S.A. Phillips, R.E. Reitz, F.M. Waldman, R.S. Newfield, Mutational analysis in pediatric thyroid cancer and correlations with age, ethnicity, and clinical presentation. Thyroid 26, 227–234 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2015.0401
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
A.J. Bauer, Molecular genetics of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 46, 389–403 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2017.01.014
A.S. Remiker, J. Chuang, S. Corathers, M.M. Rutter, M.J. Rutter, C.M. Myer IV, M.J. Gelfand, A.T. Trout, J.I. Geller, Differentiated thyroid cancer in the pediatric/adolescent population: evolution of treatment. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 41, 532–536 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0000000000001493
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
A.B. Zanella, R.S. Scheffel, L. Weinert, J.M. Dora, A.L. Maia, New insights into the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents (Review). Int J. Oncol. 58, 13 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5193
C.S. O’Gorman, J. Hamilton, M. Rachmiel, A. Gupta, B.Y. Ngan, D. Daneman, Thyroid cancer in childhood: a retrospective review of childhood course. Thyroid 20, 375–380 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2009.0386
P. Papendieck, L. Gruñeiro-Papendieck, M. Venara, O. Acha, S. Maglio, I. Bergadá, A. Chiesa, Differentiated thyroid carcinoma: presentation and follow-up in children and adolescents. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 24, 743–748 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem.2011.241
L.B. Vergamini, A.L. Frazier, F.L. Abrantes, K.B. Ribeiro, C. Rodriguez-Galindo, Increase in the incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children, adolescents, and young adults: a population-based study. J. Pediatr. 164, 1481–1485 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.01.059
K. Sugino, M. Nagahama, W. Kitagawa, H. Shibuya, K. Ohkuwa, T. Uruno, A. Suzuki, J. Akaishi, C. Masaki, K. Matsuzu, K. Ito, Papillary thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents: long-term follow-up and clinical characteristics. World J. Surg. 39, 2259–2265 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-015-3042-4
S. Golpanian, J. Tashiro, J.E. Sola, C. Allen, J.I. Lew, A.R. Hogan, H.L. Neville, E.A. Perez, Surgically treated pediatric nonpapillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg. 26, 524–532 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1569150
M.S. Klein Hesselink, M. Nies, G. Bocca, A.H. Brouwers, J.G. Burgerhof, E.W. van Dam, B. Havekes, M.M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink, E.P. Corssmit, L.C. Kremer, R.T. Netea-Maier, H.J. van der Pal, R.P. Peeters, K.W. Schmid, J.W. Smit, G.R. Williams, J.T. Plukker, C.M. Ronckers, H.M. van Santen, W.J. Tissing, T.P. Links, Pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the Netherlands: a nationwide follow-up study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101, 2031–2039 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-3290
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
I.D. Hay, T.R. Johnson, S. Kaggal, M.S. Reinalda, N.M. Iniguez-Ariza, C.S. Grant, S.T. Pittock, G.B. Thompson, Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in children and adults: comparison of initial presentation and long-term postoperative outcome in 4432 patients consecutively treated at the mayo clinic during eight decades (1936-2015). World J. Surg. 42, 329–342 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-017-4279-x
A. Zbitou, E. Desandes, S. Guissou, C. Mallebranche, B. Lacour, Thyroid cancers in children and adolescents in France: Incidence, survival and clinical management over the 2000-2018 period. Int J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 162, 111325 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111325
K.A. Lee, M.T.A. Sharabiani, D. Tumino, J. Wadsley, V. Gill, G. Gerrard, R. Sindhu, M.N. Gaze, L. Moss, K. Newbold, Differentiated thyroid cancer in children: a UK multicentre review and review of the literature. Clin. Oncol. 31, 385–390 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2019.02.005
M. Negre Busó, A. García Burillo, M. Simó Perdigó, P. Galofré Mora, M. Boronat de Ferrater, G. Cuberas Borrós, C. Sábado Álvarez, J. Castell Conesa, Long-term follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 33, 1431–1441 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0194
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
G.L. Banik, M.L. Shindo, K.L. Kraimer, K.L. Manzione, A. Reddy, K. Kazahaya, A.J. Bauer, J.C. Rastatter, M.E. Zafereo, S.G. Waguespack, D.C. Chelius Jr, L. Quintanilla-Dieck, Prevalence and risk factors for multifocality in pediatric thyroid cancer. JAMA Otolaryngol. Head. Neck Surg. 147, 1100–1106 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2021.3077
C.E. Cherella, D.M. Richman, E. Liu, M.C. Frates, B.P. Modi, B. Zendejas, J.R. Smith, J.A. Barletta, M.L. Hollowell, A.J. Wassner, Predictors of bilateral disease in pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 106, 4242 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab210
C.S. Bal, A. Garg, S. Chopra, S. Ballal, R. Soundararajan, Prognostic factors in pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer patients with pulmonary metastases. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 28, 745–751 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2014-0247
K. Sugino, M. Nagahama, W. Kitagawa, K. Ohkuwa, T. Uruno, K. Matsuzu, A. Suzuki, C. Tomoda, K.Y. Hames, J. Akaishi, C. Masaki, K. Ito, Distant metastasis in pediatric and adolescent differentiated thyroid cancer: clinical outcomes and risk factor analyses. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, dgaa545 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa545
留言 (0)