Does Collaboration between General Practitioners and Pharmacists Improve Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AUTHOR (YEAR)
COUNTRY
CONDITION OR RISK FACTOR
OUTCOME EXTRACTED
STUDY SETTING
INTERVENTION
RECOMMENDATIONS ACCEPTED BY PHYSICIAN
METHOD OF COLLABORATION
Albsoul-Younes, 2011
Jordan
Hypertension
Change in BP
Co-location- unclear
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen (noted patient medication history), adherence assessment, physical assessment.
65 (101/161)
Verbal: face to face – unclear
Aguiar, 2018
Brazil
Type 2 Diabetes
Change in BP, LDL, HbA1c
Separate
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment.
Not documented
Unclear
Amariles, 2012
Spain
CVD
Change in BP, TC
Separate- unclear
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment.
Not documented
Unclear
Anderegg, 2018
United States of America
Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Change in BP
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, individualised care plan.
Not documented
Verbal or by electronic communication
Bogden, 1997
United States of America
Hypercholesterolemia
Change in TC
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment (were done but not clear if it was by pharmacist).
90 (167/186)
Verbal: face to face – unclear
Bogden, 1998
United States of America
Hypertension
Change in BP
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment (were done but not clear if it was by pharmacist).
93 (150/162)
Verbal: face to face – unclear
Borenstein, 2003
United States of America
Hypertension
Change in BP
Separate
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment.
Not documented
Verbal: phone
Carter, 1997
United States of America
Hypertension
Change in BP
Separate but in the same building
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment. (questioned about adherence), physical assessment.
Not documented
Verbal: mostly face to face but some over the phone (immediate) and written feedback too
Carter, 2008
United States of America
Hypertension
Change in BP
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, (some, not all allowed) independent prescribing, physical assessment.
96 (256/267)
Verbal: face to face
Carter, 2009
United States of America
Hypertension
Change in BP
Co-location
Assessing medication regimen, physical assessment.
96 (742/771)
Verbal: face to face
Carter, 2015
United States of America
Hypertension
Change in BP
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment.
Not documented
Mostly verbal: face to face, some written: email
Choe, 2005
United States of America
Type 2 diabetes
Change in HbA1C
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment (upon need).
Not documented
Verbal: face to face
Ebid, 2020
Egypt
Type 2 Diabetes
Change in LDL, HDL, HbA1c, BMI
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment, adherence assessment.
Not documented
Unclear
Fornos, 2006
Spain
Type 2 diabetes
Change in BP, TC, LDL, HDL, TRIG, HbA1C, BMI
Separate
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment, adherence assessment.
Not documented
Unclear
Geurts, 2016
Netherlands
CVD
Change in BP, TC, LDL, HDL, HbA1C, BMI
Separate
Assessing medication regimen, physical assessment.
Not documented
Written: webbased pharmaceutical care plan tool
Hammad, 2011
Jordan
Metabolic syndrome
Change in BP, HDL, TRIG, WEIGHT AND CM
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment (?), physical assessment.
70 (128/182)
Verbal
Hirsch, 2014
United States of America
Hypertension
Change in BP, LDL, HDL
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen (noted patient medication history) adherence assessment, physical assessment, independent prescribing.
Not documented
physician was always present in the medical practice during the pharmacist clinic visits and was available for consultation as needed.
Hunt, 2008
United States of America
Hypertension
Change in BP
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment, independent prescribing.
Not documented
Written: emr (note documented and forwarded to PCP for approval and signature, verbal: face to face – not clarified (if needed)
McKenney, 1973
United States of America
Hypertension
Change in BP
Separate
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment.
100 (37/37)
written and verbal
Odegard, 2005
United States of America
Type 2 diabetes
Change in HbA1C
Co-location
Patient education and counselling (?), assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment (?).
Not documented
EMR
Rothman, 2005
United States of America
Type 2 diabetes (poorly controlled)
Change in BP, TC, HbA1C, WEIGHT
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment, independent prescribing (with approval of PCP).
Not documented
Written (results shared and written approval for medication change) & verbal: face to face (could be in the consult with the physician) or phone (could call them for approval)
Scott, 2006
United States of America
Type 2 diabetes
Change in BP, LDL, HDL, HbA1C, WEIGHT AND BMI
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment (?), physical assessment, independent prescribing (?).
Not documented
not specified
Siaw, 2017
Singapore
Type 2 Diabetes
Change in BP, LDL, HbA1c, costs
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment, optimising medication dosing and frequency.
Not documented
Written
Simpson, 2011
Canada
Type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension
Change in BP, TC, LDL, HDL, TRIG, HbA1C, BMI
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment.
Not documented
Verbal
Sookaneknun, 2004
Thailand
Hypertension
Change in BP
Separate
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment.
47 (96/206)
Written: letter and medical record note
Tobari, 2010
Japan
Hypertension
Change in BP, BMI, SMOKING CESSATION
Co-location
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen adherence assessment, physical assessment.
Not documented
EMR and verbal (if necessary): phone or face to face
Zillich, 2005
United States of America
Uncontrolled hypertension
Change in BP
Separate
Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment.
75 (43/57)
Written: EMR and verbal: phone
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