Does Collaboration between General Practitioners and Pharmacists Improve Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

AUTHOR (YEAR) COUNTRY CONDITION OR RISK FACTOR OUTCOME EXTRACTED STUDY SETTING INTERVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS ACCEPTED BY PHYSICIAN METHOD OF COLLABORATION Albsoul-Younes, 2011 Jordan Hypertension Change in BP Co-location- unclear Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen (noted patient medication history), adherence assessment, physical assessment. 65 (101/161) Verbal: face to face – unclear Aguiar, 2018 Brazil Type 2 Diabetes Change in BP, LDL, HbA1c Separate Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment. Not documented Unclear Amariles, 2012 Spain CVD Change in BP, TC Separate- unclear Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment. Not documented Unclear Anderegg, 2018 United States of America Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Change in BP Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, individualised care plan. Not documented Verbal or by electronic communication Bogden, 1997 United States of America Hypercholesterolemia Change in TC Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment (were done but not clear if it was by pharmacist). 90 (167/186) Verbal: face to face – unclear Bogden, 1998 United States of America Hypertension Change in BP Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment (were done but not clear if it was by pharmacist). 93 (150/162) Verbal: face to face – unclear Borenstein, 2003 United States of America Hypertension Change in BP Separate Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment. Not documented Verbal: phone Carter, 1997 United States of America Hypertension Change in BP Separate but in the same building Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment. (questioned about adherence), physical assessment. Not documented Verbal: mostly face to face but some over the phone (immediate) and written feedback too Carter, 2008 United States of America Hypertension Change in BP Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, (some, not all allowed) independent prescribing, physical assessment. 96 (256/267) Verbal: face to face Carter, 2009 United States of America Hypertension Change in BP Co-location Assessing medication regimen, physical assessment. 96 (742/771) Verbal: face to face Carter, 2015 United States of America Hypertension Change in BP Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment. Not documented Mostly verbal: face to face, some written: email Choe, 2005 United States of America Type 2 diabetes Change in HbA1C Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment (upon need). Not documented Verbal: face to face Ebid, 2020 Egypt Type 2 Diabetes Change in LDL, HDL, HbA1c, BMI Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment, adherence assessment. Not documented Unclear Fornos, 2006 Spain Type 2 diabetes Change in BP, TC, LDL, HDL, TRIG, HbA1C, BMI Separate Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment, adherence assessment. Not documented Unclear Geurts, 2016 Netherlands CVD Change in BP, TC, LDL, HDL, HbA1C, BMI Separate Assessing medication regimen, physical assessment. Not documented Written: webbased pharmaceutical care plan tool Hammad, 2011 Jordan Metabolic syndrome Change in BP, HDL, TRIG, WEIGHT AND CM Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment (?), physical assessment. 70 (128/182) Verbal Hirsch, 2014 United States of America Hypertension Change in BP, LDL, HDL Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen (noted patient medication history) adherence assessment, physical assessment, independent prescribing. Not documented physician was always present in the medical practice during the pharmacist clinic visits and was available for consultation as needed. Hunt, 2008 United States of America Hypertension Change in BP Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment, independent prescribing. Not documented Written: emr (note documented and forwarded to PCP for approval and signature, verbal: face to face – not clarified (if needed) McKenney, 1973 United States of America Hypertension Change in BP Separate Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment. 100 (37/37) written and verbal Odegard, 2005 United States of America Type 2 diabetes Change in HbA1C Co-location Patient education and counselling (?), assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment (?). Not documented EMR Rothman, 2005 United States of America Type 2 diabetes (poorly controlled) Change in BP, TC, HbA1C, WEIGHT Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment, independent prescribing (with approval of PCP). Not documented Written (results shared and written approval for medication change) & verbal: face to face (could be in the consult with the physician) or phone (could call them for approval) Scott, 2006 United States of America Type 2 diabetes Change in BP, LDL, HDL, HbA1C, WEIGHT AND BMI Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment (?), physical assessment, independent prescribing (?). Not documented not specified Siaw, 2017 Singapore Type 2 Diabetes Change in BP, LDL, HbA1c, costs Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, physical assessment, optimising medication dosing and frequency. Not documented Written Simpson, 2011 Canada Type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension Change in BP, TC, LDL, HDL, TRIG, HbA1C, BMI Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment. Not documented Verbal Sookaneknun, 2004 Thailand Hypertension Change in BP Separate Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment. 47 (96/206) Written: letter and medical record note Tobari, 2010 Japan Hypertension Change in BP, BMI, SMOKING CESSATION Co-location Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen adherence assessment, physical assessment. Not documented EMR and verbal (if necessary): phone or face to face Zillich, 2005 United States of America Uncontrolled hypertension Change in BP Separate Patient education and counselling, assessing medication regimen, adherence assessment, physical assessment. 75 (43/57) Written: EMR and verbal: phone

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