* Correspondence to: C. David Mazer, MD, Department of Anesthesia, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8. Email:

E-mail Address: [email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2566-4308

, Department of Anesthesia, , St. Michael’s Hospital, , Toronto, , Ontario, , Canada,

, Institute of Medical Sciences, , University of Toronto, , Ontario,

, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, , University of Toronto, , Ontario, , Canada,

, Department of Physiology, , University of Toronto, , Ontario, , Canada,

, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, , Toronto, , Ontario, , Canada,