Conceptualization, V.N., V.M., S.R. and V.Z.; methodology, V.N.; software, V.N.; validation, V.N., V.Z. and E.C.; formal analysis, V.N. and E.C.; investigation, E.C.; resources, V.N., V.M., S.R. and V.Z.; data curation, V.N. and E.C.; writing—review and editing, V.N. and E.C.; visualization, E.C.; supervision, V.N.; project administration, V.Z.; funding acquisition, V.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Figure 1. Clinical scoring of stinging sensation at different timepoints (Data are reported as mean ± SEM).

Figure 1. Clinical scoring of stinging sensation at different timepoints (Data are reported as mean ± SEM).

Figure 2. Clinical scoring of itching sensation at different timepoints (Data are reported as mean ± SEM).

Figure 2. Clinical scoring of itching sensation at different timepoints (Data are reported as mean ± SEM).

Figure 3. Mean variation of skin redness (expressed as Erythema index mean values) on data normalized versus basal values (T − 1). The graph shows the skin redness (expressed as Erythema index mean values ± SEM) caused by the UV-exposure and its % variation after application of FC 16419 or left untreated.

Figure 3. Mean variation of skin redness (expressed as Erythema index mean values) on data normalized versus basal values (T − 1). The graph shows the skin redness (expressed as Erythema index mean values ± SEM) caused by the UV-exposure and its % variation after application of FC 16419 or left untreated.

Figure 4. Evaluation of redness after sunburn (VAS score) after application of FC 16419 (Data are reported as mean ± SEM). Asterisks in the graph report the intra-group (vs. T0) comparison; Legend (significance): *** p < 0.001.

Figure 4. Evaluation of redness after sunburn (VAS score) after application of FC 16419 (Data are reported as mean ± SEM). Asterisks in the graph report the intra-group (vs. T0) comparison; Legend (significance): *** p < 0.001.

Figure 5. Evaluation of redness after modest and severe sunburn (VAS score) after application of FC 16419 (Data are reported as mean ± SEM). Asterisks in the graph report the intra-group (vs. T0) statistical analysis. Legend (significance): *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01.

Figure 5. Evaluation of redness after modest and severe sunburn (VAS score) after application of FC 16419 (Data are reported as mean ± SEM). Asterisks in the graph report the intra-group (vs. T0) statistical analysis. Legend (significance): *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01.

Figure 6. Evaluation of itching (VAS score) caused by bites after application of FC 16419 and on untreated bites (Data are reported as mean ± SEM). Black asterisks in the graph report the intra-group statistical analysis (vs. T0) and red asterisks the inter-group statistical analysis (vs. untreated). Legend (significance): *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.

Figure 6. Evaluation of itching (VAS score) caused by bites after application of FC 16419 and on untreated bites (Data are reported as mean ± SEM). Black asterisks in the graph report the intra-group statistical analysis (vs. T0) and red asterisks the inter-group statistical analysis (vs. untreated). Legend (significance): *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.

Figure 7. Evaluation of Irritation (VAS score) caused by bites after application of FC 16419 and on untreated bites (Data are reported as mean ± SEM). Black asterisks in the graph report the intra-group (vs. T0) and the red asterisks the inter-group statistical analysis (vs. untreated). Legend (significance): *** p < 0.001; * p < 0.05.

Figure 7. Evaluation of Irritation (VAS score) caused by bites after application of FC 16419 and on untreated bites (Data are reported as mean ± SEM). Black asterisks in the graph report the intra-group (vs. T0) and the red asterisks the inter-group statistical analysis (vs. untreated). Legend (significance): *** p < 0.001; * p < 0.05.

Table 1. Measurement of clinical stinging/itching after capsaicin application in a 4-point scale.

Table 1. Measurement of clinical stinging/itching after capsaicin application in a 4-point scale.

Clinical Scoring of Stinging/Itching SensationScoreNo reaction1Mild reaction2Moderate reaction3Severe reaction4

Table 2. Evaluation of product soothing effect after UV radiation.

Table 2. Evaluation of product soothing effect after UV radiation.

Experimental TimesArea 1
Control Area—Untreated AreaArea 2
Treated AreaT − 1Evaluation of MED (minimal erythemal dose) and Erythema index on volunteers’ back before UV exposure (baseline values) Exposure to a fixed dose of UVA+B radiation (calculated as 1.5 MED for each subject)T0Evaluation of Erythema index on volunteers’ back 20 ± 4 h after the UV exposure Product application by the experimenter (2 mg/cm2)T30 min *Evaluation of Erythema index on volunteers’ back 30 min after the first product applicationT1 h *Evaluation of Erythema index on volunteers’ back 1 h after the first product applicationT2 h *Evaluation of Erythema index on volunteers’ back 2 h after the first product applicationT24 h **Evaluation of Erythema index on volunteers’ back 24 h after the first product application

Table 3. Subjective evaluation of the cooling effect of the product on sunburn 1 (first sunburn treated with FC 16419).

Table 3. Subjective evaluation of the cooling effect of the product on sunburn 1 (first sunburn treated with FC 16419).

Does the Product Give a Cold Feeling? Completely AgreeAgreeNeither Agree or DisagreeDisagreeCompletely DisagreePositive AnswersNeutral AnswersNegative AnswersTimmediatelyafter30.3%63.6%3.0%3.0%0.0%93.9%3.0%3.0%T 15 min18.2%66.7%9.1%6.1%0.0%84.8%9.1%6.1%