Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) despite numerous efforts of neonatologists remains one of the most frequent and long-lasting chronic respiratory diseases consequent to extreme preterm birth. New clinical trials are exploring the possible use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and especially their products, extracellular vesicles (EVs), that overcome some of the possible issues related to the use of live cells. MSCs already reached clinical implementation; MSC-EVs, on the contrary, showed extremely promising results in the preclinical setting but are still waiting their first in human results that are likely to happen soon.